Test Preparation on Practice Set For Class 11

Lines 63-65 suggest that the assumption made
by gift-givers in lines 41-44 may be incorrect. The gift-givers assume that
recipients will have a greater appreciation for costly gifts than for less costly

gifts, but the authors suggest this relationship may be incorrect, as giftrecipients
“may not construe smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller
and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration” (lines 63-65).
Choices A and D are incorrect because lines 53-55 and 75-78 address the
question of “why” gift-givers make specific assumptions rather than addressing
the validity of these assumptions. Choice B is incorrect because lines
55-60 focus on the reasons people give gifts to others.

Lines 53-55 state that “Perhaps givers believe
that bigger (i.e., more expensive) gifts convey stronger signals of thoughtfulness
and consideration.” In this context, saying that more expensive gifts
“convey” stronger signals means the gifts send, or communicate, stronger
signals to the recipients.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because in this context, to “convey” something
does not mean to transport it (physically move something), counteract
it (act in opposition to something), or exchange it (trade one thing
for another).

The paragraph examines how gift-givers
believe expensive gifts are more thoughtful than less expensive gifts and
will be more valued by recipients. The work of Camerer and others offers
an explanation for the gift-givers’ reasoning: “gift-givers attempt to signal
their positive attitudes toward the intended recipient and their willingness to
invest resources in a future relationship” (lines 57-60).
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the theory articulated by Camerer
and others is used to explain an idea put forward by the authors (“givers
believe that bigger . . . gifts convey stronger signals”), not to introduce an
argument, question a motive, or support a conclusion.

The graph clearly shows that gift-givers believe
that a “more valuable” gift will be more appreciated than a “less valuable
gift.” According to the graph, gift-givers believe the monetary value of a gift
will determine whether that gift is well received or not.
Choice A is incorrect because the graph does not suggest that gift-givers are
aware of gift-recipients’ appreciation levels. Choices C and D are incorrect
because neither the gift-givers’ desire for the gifts they purchase nor the giftgivers’
relationship with the gift-recipients is addressed in the graph.

Lines 69-75 explain that while people are often
both gift-givers and gift-receivers, they struggle to apply information they
learned as a gift-giver to a time when they were a gift-receiver: “Yet, despite the
extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often
struggle to transfer information gained from one role (e.g., as a giver) and
apply it in another, complementary role (e.g., as a receiver).” The authors suggest
that the disconnect between how much appreciation a gift-giver thinks a
gift merits and how much appreciation a gift-recipient displays for the gift may
be caused by both individuals’ inability to comprehend the other’s perspective.
Choices B and C are incorrect because neither the passage nor the graph
addresses the idea that society has become more materialistic or that there is
a growing opposition to gift-giving. Choice D is incorrect because the passage
emphasizes that gift-givers and gift-recipients fail to understand each
other’s perspective, but it offers no evidence that the disconnect results only
from a failure to understand the other’s intentions.