Test Preparation on IAS Prelims Sample Paper -30
1.
Englishmen like others to react to political situations like..
2.
According to the author his countrymen should..
3.
China's rising power is based on its remarkable economic success.Shanghai's overall economy is currently growing at around 13% per year, thus doubling in size every five orsix years. Everywhere there are start-ups, innovations, and young entrepreneurs hungry for profits, in aseries of high level meetings between Chinese and African officials, the advice that the African leadersreceived from the Chinese was sound, and more practical than they typically get from the World Bank.Chinese officials stress the crucial role of public investments, especially in agriculture and infrastructure, tolay the basis for private sector-led growth. In a hungry and poor rural economy, as China was in the 1970sand as most of Africa is today, a key starting point is to raise farm productivity. Farmers need the benefitsof fertilizer, irrigation and high-yield seeds, ail of which werea core part of China's economical take off.Two other equally critical investments are also needed : roads and electricity, without which there cannotbe a modern economy. Farmers might be able to increase their output, but it won't be able to reach thecities, and the cities won't be able to provide the countryside with inputs. The government has takenpains to ensure that the electricity grids and transportation networks reach every village in China. China isprepared to help Africa in substantial ways in agriculture, roads, power, health and education. And that isnot an empty boast. Chinese leaders are prepared to share new high yield rice varieties, with their Africancounterparts and, all over Africa, China is financing and constructing basic infrastructure. This illustrateswhat is wrong with the World Bank. The World Bank has often forgotten the most basic lessons ofdevelopment, preferring to lecture the poor and force them to privatise basic infrastructure, which isuntenable, rather than to help the poor to invest in infrastructure and other crucial sectors. The Banks'sfailure began in the early 1980swhen under the ideological sway of them American President and British Prime Minister it tried to getAfrica and other poor regions to cut back or close down government investments and services. For 25years, the bank tries to get governments out of agriculture, leaving impoverished peasants to fend forthemselves. The result has been a disaster in Africa, with farm productivity stagnant for decades. The bankalso pushed for privatization of national health systems, water utilities, and road and power networks, andhas grossly underfinanced these critical sectors. This extreme free-market ideology, also called "structuraladjustment", went against the practical lessons of development successes in China and the rest or Asia.Practical development strategy recognises that public investments - in agriculture, health, education, andinfrastructure- are necessary complements to private investments. The World Bank has instead wronglyseen such vital public investments as an enemy of private sector development. Whenever the banks'ideology failed, it has blamed the poor for corruption, mismanagement, or lack of initiative. Instead offocusing its attention on helping the poorest countries to improve their infrastructure, there has been acrusade against corruption. The good news is that African governments are getting the massage on how tospur economic growth and are getting crucial help from China and other partners that are less wedded toextreme free-market ideology than the world Bank. They have declared their intention to invest inInfrastructure, agriculture modernistation, public health, and education. It is clear the Bank can regain itsrelevance only if it becomes practical once again, by returning its focus to financing public investments inpriority sectors. If that happens, the Bank can still do justice to the bold vision of a world of sharedprosperity that prompted its creation after World War II.Q. The author's main objective in writing the passage is to
4.
What effect has the World Bank Policy had on African nations?
5.
Which of the following cannot be said about structural adjustment?
6.
Why is the author optimistic about Africa's future?
7.
What advice has the author given the World Bank?
8.
Directions for next two questionsThe average age of Shikhar and Rohit is 35 years. If Hardik replaces Shikhar, the average age becomes 32years. And if Hardik replaces Rohit, then the average age becomes 38 years.Q. If the average age of Dhoni and Jadeja is half of the average age of Shikhar, Rohit and Hardik, thenthe average age of all the five people is:
Shikhar's age + Rohlt's age = 35 x 2 = 70 years. ...Eql If Hardlk replaces Shikhar, then
Hardik's age + Rohlt's age = 32 x 2 = 64 years. ...Eq2
if Hardlk replaces Rohit, then
Shikhar's age + Hardik's age = 38 x 2 = 76 years. ...Eq3
On adding Eql, Eq2 and Eq3, we get
2 (Shikhar's age + Rohlt's age + Hardik's age) = 70 + 64 + 76 = 210 years
(Shikhar's age + Rohlt's age + Hardik's age) = 105 years
The average of ages of Shikhar, Rohit and Hardlk = 105/3 = 35 years
The average of ages of Dhoni and Jadeja = 35/2 = 17.5 years
The total of ages of Dhoni and Jadeja = 17.5 x 2 = 35 years
The total of ages of all 5 players = 105 + 35 = 140 years
The average of ages of all 5 players = 140/5 = 28 year
9.
Out of these five players whose age is the greatest?
Shikhar's age + Rohit's age = 35 x 2 = 70 years. ...Eql
If Hardik replaces Shikhar, then
Hardik's age + Rohit's age = 32 x 2 = 64 years. ...Eq2
If Hardik replaces Rohit, then
10.
The average of first 50 odd natural numbers is:
The first odd number is 1 and 50th odd number is 99. (Because, there are only 50 odd number in first 100
natural numbers.) The average of any arithmetic series = (Sum of first and last number)/2
= (l + 99)/2
= 100/2
= 50.
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