Test Preparation on IAS Prelims Sample Paper -29

Statement 1: It is a Chalcolithic archaeological culture of southeastern Rajasthan state in India, lasting from c. 3000 to 1500 BCE, contemporary and adjacent to the Indus Valley Civilization. Situated along the Banas and Berach Rivers, as well as the Ahar River, the Ahar-Banas people were exploiting the copper ores of the Aravalli Range to make axes and other artefacts. Statement 2: The Ahar culture phase was followed by the Malwa culture. Navdatoli (west Nimar district), on the southern banks of the Narmada, is the largest settlement of this culture. Calibrated dates for the beginning of the settlement are in the range of 2000

;Today, textile production is the world's second most polluting industry after the oil industry. The total greenhouse gas emissions from textile production currently stands at 1.2 billion tonnes annually as per the journal Nature Climate Change. It is estimated that the fashion industry is responsible for 10 per cent of the global carbon emissions and according to UNFCCC, the sector's emissions are to rise by more than 60 per cent by 2030, if transformation towards a sustainable fashion industry fails to materialise soon. N20 and C02 are the major gases released by the industry. !*Synthetic fibres have seen rapid production growth since their introduction in the second half of the twentieth century. Polyester is now the most commonly used fabric In clothing, having overtaken cotton early In the twenty-first century. For [polyester and other synthetic materials, the emissions for production are much ihigher as they are produced from fossil fuels such as crude oil. in 2015, production of [polyester for textiles use results in more than 706 billion kg of C02e {C02 emissions). Some estimate a single polyester t-shirt has emissions of 5.5 kg C02e, compared with !2.1 kg C02e for one made from cotton. However cotton is a thirsty crop and its production has greater impacts on land and water.

According to Wegener, all the continents formed a single continental mass, a mega ocean surrounded by the same. *He argued that, around 200 million years ago, the super continent, Pangaea, began to spilt. *Wegener suggested that the movement responsible for the drifting of the continents was caused by pole-fleeing force and tidal force. *The'polar-fleeing force relates to the rotation of the earth. *The second force that was suggested by Wegener

Statement 1: Tetrafluoromethane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect. It Is very stable, has an atmospheric lifetime of 50,000 years, and a high greenhouse warming potential of 6500 (which is given for the first 100 years thereof, C02 has a factor of 1); however, the low amount in the atmosphere restricts the overall radiative forcing effect. Statement 2: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, SF6 Is the most potent greenhouse gas that It has evaluated, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of C02 when compared over a 100-year period. Measurements of SF6 show that Its global average mixing ratio has increased by about 0.2 ppt (parts per trillion) per year to over 9 ppt as of February 2018. Sulphur hexafluorlde Is also extremely long-lived, Is inert In the troposphere and stratosphere and has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 800-3200 years. Statement 3: Perfluorocarbons are compounds produced as a by-product of various ,industrial processes associated with aluminum production and the manufacturing of semiconductors. Some perfluoroalkanes are potent greenhouse gases, in part due to their very long atmospheric lifetime. The environmental concerns for perflurocompound's are similar to chlorofluorocarbons and other halogenated compounds used as refrigerants and fire suppression materials. The history of use, environmental impact, and recommendations for use are included In the Kyoto Protocol.

In India, the legal and institutional machinery for dealing with debt default has not been in line with global standards. *The recovery action by creditors, either through the Contract Act or through special laws such as the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 and the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002, has not had desired outcomes. *So, this board established In accordance with the provisions of The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is considered as the biggest economic reform next only to GST. Justification: Statement 2: The objective of the new law is to promote entrepreneurship, availability of credit, and balance the interests of all stakeholders by consolidating and amending the laws relating to reorganization and insolvency For this it regulates the conduct of insolvency professional agencies working in India. Statement 3: Dr. M. S. Sahoo, an acclaimed thought leader in the area of securities markets and a distinguished public servant, currently serves as Chairperson of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India.

The bronze casting technique and making of bronze images of traditional icons reached a high stage of development in south India during the medieval period. Among the Pallava period bronze of the 8th century, the best one is the icon of Shiva seated in Ardhaparyanka asana (one leg kept dangling). The right hand is in the Achamana Mudra gesture, suggesting that he is about to drink poison. Although bronze images were modeled and cast during the Pallava period in the 8th and 9'^ centuries, some of the most beautiful and exquisite statues were produced during the Chola period in Tamil Nadu from 10th to 12th century AD. The well known dancing figure of Shiva as Nataraja was evolved and fully developed during the Chola period and since then many variations of this complex bronze Image have been modeled. A wide range of Shiva iconography was evolved in the Tanjore region of Tamil Nadu.

Simple majority: Majority of members present and voting Absolute majority: Majority of house membership (irrespective of the house attendance on that day) Special majority is of different types: *SpeclaI majority as per article 249 (Rajya Sabha may allow Parliament to legislate in the state list) requires-a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting. *Special majority as per article 61 (impeachment of President) requires a majority of 2/3"^^ members of the total strength of the house. *Special majority as per article 368 requires a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting supported by more than 50% of the total strength of the house. There could also be Special Majority as Per Article 368 plus State ratification. Effective Majority of the house means more than 50% of the effective strength of the house. This implies that out of the total strength, we deduct the vacant seats. When the Indian Constitution mentions ''all the then members", that refers to the effective majority. Justification: The Parliament can create new all-India services (including an all-India judicial service), if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution declaring that it is necessary or expedient in the national interest to do so. Such a resolution in the Rajya Sabha should be supported by two-thirds of the members present and voting. This power of recommendation is given to the Rajya Sabha to protect the interests of states in the Indian federal system.

Statement 2: It is a central sector scheme since labour welfare falls in the concurrent list. A centrally sponsored scheme is generally introduced for subjects under state list where the direct jurisdiction of central government does not extend. S3: It Is incorrect, it can be used for other investment purposes. The scheme will be implemented through Life Insurance Corporation of India and CSC eGovernance Services India Limited (CSC SPV). LIC will be the Pension Fund Manager and responsible for Pension pay out. The amount collected under PM-SYM pension scheme shall be invested as per the investment pattern specified by Government of India. Learning: The Finance Minister has said that within next five years it would be one of the largest pension schemes of the world. A sum of Rs.500 crore has been allocated for the Scheme.lt applies to unorganized sector workers whose monthly income is Rs 15,000/ per month or less and belong to the entry age group of 18-40 years. They should not be covered under New Pension Scheme (NPS), Employees'" State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) scheme or Employees" Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO). Further, he/she should not be an income tax payer. It is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme, under which the subscriber would receive the following benefits: (i) Minimum Assured Pension: Each subscriber under the PMSYM, shall receive minimum assured pension of Rs 3000/- per month after attaining the age of 60 years. (ii) Family Pension: During the receipt of pension, if the subscriber dies, the spouse of the beneficiary shall be entitled to receive 50% of the pension received by the beneficiary as family pension. Family pension is applicable only to spouse. 4. Matching contribution by the Central Government: PM-SYM is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme on a 50:50 basis \where prescribed age-specific contribution shall be made by the beneficiary and the matching contribution by the Central Government as per the chart. For example, if a person enters the scheme at an age of 29 years, he is required to contribute Rs 100/ - per month till the age of 60 years an equal amount of Rs 100/- will be contributed by the Central Government.