{"id":57204,"date":"2023-05-22T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/?p=57204"},"modified":"2025-07-12T11:56:44","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T06:26:44","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/","title":{"rendered":"Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions for Chapter 17 \u2013 Breathing and Exchange of Gases"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17<\/strong>: It mostly talks about Respiration. Respiration is an essential life process carried out by all living entities. The process of exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere with carbon dioxide that is produced by the cells is termed breathing which is commonly known as respiration. The chapter provides students with insights into the mechanism of breathing.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/cbse-class-11-biology-ncert-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NCERT Solutions For 11th Biology All Chapters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To know more about NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17, read the whole blog.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_47_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-69db301655c60\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69db301655c60\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-visibility-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-%e2%80%93-breathing-and-exchange-of-gases\" title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 \u2013 Breathing and Exchange of Gases\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 \u2013 Breathing and Exchange of Gases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#about-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\" title=\"About NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\">About NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#important-notes-on-breathing-and-exchange-of-gases\" title=\"Important Notes On Breathing And Exchange Of Gases\">Important Notes On Breathing And Exchange Of Gases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#access-ncert-solution-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\" title=\"Access NCERT Solution For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\">Access NCERT Solution For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#1-define-vital-capacity-what-is-its-significance\" title=\"1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance?\">1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#2-state-the-volume-of-air-remaining-in-the-lungs-after-normal-breathing\" title=\"2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after normal breathing.\">2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after normal breathing.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#3-diffusion-of-gases-occurs-in-the-alveolar-region-only-and-not-in-the-other-parts-of-the-respiratory-system-why\" title=\"3. Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of the respiratory system. Why?\">3. Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of the respiratory system. Why?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#4-what-are-the-major-transport-mechanisms-for-co2-explain\" title=\"4. What are the major transport mechanisms for CO2? Explain.\">4. What are the major transport mechanisms for CO2? Explain.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#5-what-will-be-the-po2-and-pco2-in-the-atmospheric-air-compared-to-those-in-the-alveolar-air\" title=\"5. What will be the pO2&nbsp;and pCO2&nbsp;in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?\">5. What will be the pO2&nbsp;and pCO2&nbsp;in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#6-explain-the-process-of-inspiration-under-normal-conditions\" title=\"6. Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.\">6. Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#7-how-is-respiration-regulated\" title=\"7. How is respiration regulated?\">7. How is respiration regulated?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#8-what-is-the-effect-of-pco2-on-oxygen-transport\" title=\"8.&nbsp;What is the effect of pCO2&nbsp;on oxygen transport?\">8.&nbsp;What is the effect of pCO2&nbsp;on oxygen transport?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#9-what-happens-to-the-respiratory-process-in-a-man-going-up-a-hill\" title=\"9.&nbsp;What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?\">9.&nbsp;What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#10-what-is-the-site-of-gaseous-exchange-in-an-insect\" title=\"10. What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?\">10. What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#11-define-the-oxygen-dissociation-curve-can-you-suggest-any-reason-for-its-sigmoidal-pattern\" title=\"11. Define the oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?\">11. Define the oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#12-have-you-heard-about-hypoxia-try-to-gather-information-about-it-and-discuss-it-with-your-friends\" title=\"12. Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss it with your friends.\">12. Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss it with your friends.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#13-distinguish-between\" title=\"13. Distinguish between\">13. Distinguish between<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#14-what-is-tidal-volume-find-out-the-tidal-volume-approximate-value-for-a-healthy-human-in-an-hour\" title=\"14. What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.\">14. What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#faqs-on-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\" title=\"FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\">FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#define-respiration-as-per-chapter-17-biology-class-11\" title=\"Define respiration as per Chapter 17 Biology Class 11.\">Define respiration as per Chapter 17 Biology Class 11.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#define-diaphragm-as-per-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\" title=\"Define Diaphragm as per NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17?\">Define Diaphragm as per NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#from-where-can-i-download-the-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-pdf\" title=\"From where can I download the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 PDF?\">From where can I download the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 PDF?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#is-it-even-beneficial-to-study-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\" title=\"Is it even beneficial to study NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17?\">Is it even beneficial to study NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/#what-does-it-cost-to-obtain-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-pdf\" title=\"What does it cost to obtain NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 PDF?\">What does it cost to obtain NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 PDF?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-%e2%80%93-breathing-and-exchange-of-gases\"><\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 \u2013 Breathing and Exchange of Gases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 24px; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"width: auto; padding: 18px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 40px; color: #ffffff; background: #ff4500;\" href=\"https:\/\/static.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/CBSE-Class-11-Biology-NCERT-Solutions-Chapter-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Solutions<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Solutions are as per the current CBSE Syllabus and are easy to understand. Subject matter experts have designed these solutions for a better grasp. You can download the PDF for NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 for free and access it offline as well.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"about-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\"><\/span>About NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 \u2013 Breathing and Exchange of Gases is categorized under Unit 5 \u2013 Human Physiology. NCERT solutions are inclined to the NCERT syllabus prescribed by the CBSE board. Biology is a vast topic. Knowledge of biology is critical especially if one is interested in making a career in the medical field.<\/p>\n<p>The chapter also focuses on the organs that regulate breathing and also on how the mechanism of breathing is exercised in different organisms. Day-to-day life activities, the effect of diet, lifestyle, and atmosphere on breathing and respiration, and the need for clean air are some topics that make the chapter deal with social issues. NCERT Grade 11 Biology, Chapter 17, Breathing and Exchange of Gases is a part of Unit 5, Human Physiology. Unit 5 is a combination of 7 chapters and holds a total weightage of 20% in the NEET examination and 18 marks in the final examination.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The topics and sub-topics in&nbsp;Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases&nbsp;are given below.<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.1 &#8211; Respiratory Organs<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.1.1 &#8211; Human Respiratory System<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.2 &#8211; Mechanism of Breathing<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.2.1 &#8211; Respiratory Volumes and Capacities<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.3 &#8211; Exchange of Gases<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.4 &#8211; Transport of Gases<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.4.1 &#8211; Transport of Oxygen<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.4.2 &#8211; Transport of Carbon dioxide<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.5 &#8211; Regulation of Respiration<\/li>\n<li>EX 17.6 &#8211; Disorders of Respiratory System.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"important-notes-on-breathing-and-exchange-of-gases\"><\/span>Important Notes On Breathing And Exchange Of Gases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>1. Breathing (External respiration): The process of exchange of O2 from the atmosphere with CO2 produced by the cells.<br>2. Carbamino hemoglobin: Compound formed in RBCs when CO2 combines with hemoglobin.<br>3. Inspiration: Oxygen from fresh air taken by lungs and diffuses into the blood.<br>4. Diaphragm: A muscular, membranous partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.<br>5. Expiration: CO2 given up by venous blood in the lungs is sent out to the exterior.<br>6. Respiration: The sum total of physical and chemical processes by which oxygen and carbohydrates (main food nutrient) etc. are assimilated into the system and the oxidation products like carbon dioxide and water are given off.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"access-ncert-solution-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\"><\/span>Access NCERT Solution For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-define-vital-capacity-what-is-its-significance\"><\/span><strong>1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Vital capacity can be defined as the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in a post a forced expiration.<\/p>\n<p>Significance of vital capacity:<\/p>\n<p>(i) It depicts the maximum amount of air that can be converted or renewed in the respiratory system in a single respiration<\/p>\n<p>(ii) The excess quantity of inhaled air represents the maximum amount of oxygen available for glucose oxidation. This way more energy is available for the body.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-state-the-volume-of-air-remaining-in-the-lungs-after-normal-breathing\"><\/span><strong>2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after normal breathing.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It can be stated by the functional residual capacity (FRC). FRC is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration. The functional residual capacity is both the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV).<\/p>\n<p>The expiratory reserve volume is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled post a normal expiration which is approximately 1000ml-1500ml. The residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration which is about 1100ml to 1500ml.<\/p>\n<p>Hence,<\/p>\n<p>FRC = ERV + RV<\/p>\n<p>\u2245 1500 + 1500 = 3000 ml<\/p>\n<p>Thus, the functional residual capacity of the lungs in human beings is nearly 2500 ml to 3000 ml<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-diffusion-of-gases-occurs-in-the-alveolar-region-only-and-not-in-the-other-parts-of-the-respiratory-system-why\"><\/span><strong>3. Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of the <\/strong><strong>respiratory system. Why?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Alveoli are the small air sacs of the lungs that allow rapid gas exchange. These structures are specially built for the gas exchange process. The thickness of the alveolar membrane in total is lesser than a millimeter, while the outer surface of the alveolar membrane is in close proximity to the linkage of blood capillaries.<\/p>\n<p><img title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-image-1-3.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Image 1\"><\/p>\n<p>The endothelial membrane of the blood capillaries and the alveolar membrane are distinguished by a fine basement substance. This fine barrier facilitates easy diffusion of the gases. The alveolar air that comes in close proximity to the blood capillaries has higher levels of pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;and lower levels of pCO<sub>2<\/sub> that promote the gas-diffusion. All these structural pluses that are found in alveoli are not present in any other structure of the respiratory system. Therefore, the gas diffusion phenomena occur in the alveolar region only and not in any other part.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-what-are-the-major-transport-mechanisms-for-co2-explain\"><\/span><strong>4. What are the major transport mechanisms for CO<sub>2<\/sub>? Explain.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Carbon dioxide is liberated by vigorously active tissue in the blood. On average, every 100ml of blood accepts approximately 3.7ml of CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;from tissues.<\/p>\n<p>In blood, carbon dioxide is carried in three forms:<\/p>\n<p>1. Carbon dioxide as a simple solution<\/p>\n<p>Nearly 5-10% of carbon dioxide in the total volume of blood is dissolved in plasma and is transported as a simple physical solution<\/p>\n<p>2. Carbon dioxide as a bicarbonate ion<\/p>\n<p>The partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the tissue site is high due to catabolism. Carbon dioxide diffuses in the blood and forms carbonic acid after reacting with water. This reaction occurs in the presence of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. The reaction is as follows:<br><img title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-image-2-2.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Image 2\"><\/p>\n<p>Carbonic acid dissociates into H<sup>+<\/sup> ions and bicarbonate. Some amount of bicarbonate ions is required to sustain the pH of the blood. The hydrogen ions are used by the proteins, the remaining bicarbonate ions are picked up by the plasma.<\/p>\n<p>3. Carbon dioxide as carbamino-hemoglobin<\/p>\n<p>In tissues, when the partial pressure of oxygen is lower and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher, the carbon dioxide loosely combines with the globin part of the reduced hemoglobin so as to form carbamino-hemoglobin. The reaction is as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-image-3-2.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Image 3\"><\/p>\n<p>At the alveolar level, when pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;is higher and the pCO<sub>2<\/sub> is lower, the carbon dioxide dissociates from carbamino-hemoglobin. Therefore, carbon dioxide that is bound to hemoglobin is liberated in the alveoli.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-what-will-be-the-po2-and-pco2-in-the-atmospheric-air-compared-to-those-in-the-alveolar-air\"><\/span><strong>5. What will be the pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;and pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>(i) pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;lesser, pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;higher<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(ii) pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;higher, pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;lesser<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(iii) pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;higher, pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;higher<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(iv) pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;lesser, pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;lesser<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;and pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air will be:<\/p>\n<p>(ii) pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;higher, pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;lesser<\/p>\n<p>In a mixture of gases, each gas exerts a pressure known as partial pressure. These gases always diffuse across the pressure gradient. Oxygen permeates easily into the lungs when the level of pO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;is higher in the atmosphere. Likewise, carbon dioxide can diffuse out of the body easily if the pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;level is lower in the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-explain-the-process-of-inspiration-under-normal-conditions\"><\/span>6. <strong>Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-image-4-2.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Image 4\"><\/p>\n<p>The process by which fresh air enters the lungs is known as inspiration. When the intrapulmonary pressure (pressure in the lungs) is lesser than the atmospheric pressure, inspiration takes place. The muscles of the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, and abdominal muscles are referred to as the inspiratory muscles which bring about the process of inspiration.<\/p>\n<p>The muscles of the diaphragm contract, pulling the diaphragm downwards to the abdominal cavity, causing it to become flat which results in an increase in the thoracic cavity in the anteroposterior direction. The contraction of the external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum resulting in the expansion of the thoracic chamber, in a dorsal-ventral orientation.<\/p>\n<p>This overall increase in the thoracic volume increases the pulmonary volume which in turn causes the decrease of pressure in the lungs. The atmospheric pressure expels air from outwards into the lungs. To compress the abdominal organs, the abdominal muscles relax which causes an escalation in the strength of the inspiration.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-how-is-respiration-regulated\"><\/span>7. <strong>How is respiration regulated?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The medulla region of the brain having the respiratory rhythm center, is chiefly responsible for the regulation process of respiration. The function performed by the respiratory rhythm center can be altered by the pneumatic center through signals to reduce the inspiration rate. The chemo-sensitive area located near the respiratory center is sensitive to hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide. This region then sends signals to alter the rate of expiration to eliminate compounds.<\/p>\n<p>The levels of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in the blood is detected by the receptors located in the carotid artery and the aorta. As the carbon dioxide level increases, the respiratory center sends nerve impulses for the required changes.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8-what-is-the-effect-of-pco2-on-oxygen-transport\"><\/span>8.&nbsp;<strong>What is the effect of pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;on oxygen transport?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;has a crucial role to play in the process of oxygen transport. As a result of low pCO<sub>2<\/sub> levels in the alveoli, oxygen tends to bind with the hemoglobin, to form Oxyhemoglobin. Higher levels of pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;and lower level of pO<sub>2<\/sub> in the tissues promote the dissociation of oxygen from Oxyhemoglobin. The level of pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;is low at the surface of the lungs, here O<sub>2<\/sub> binds with the hemoglobin and dissociates at the tissue grade, where the level of pCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;is higher.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9-what-happens-to-the-respiratory-process-in-a-man-going-up-a-hill\"><\/span>9.&nbsp;<strong>What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As we go up higher, the altitude increases. At this altitude, the concentration of atmospheric oxygen is lesser, which means to say that the partial pressure of oxygen declines. This situation of inadequate oxygen-supply, demands more oxygen. In order to increase the supply of oxygen to the blood, the man begins to breathe rapidly. Therefore, it causes an increase in the heart rate to be able to meet the demand for oxygen supply.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10-what-is-the-site-of-gaseous-exchange-in-an-insect\"><\/span>10. <strong>What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The respiratory organ of insects is the trachea. Trachea has openings known as spiracles through which air enters. Spiracles are located on either side of the abdomen of the insect. A pair of spiracles are found on each segment of the abdomen. Furthermore, the trachea branches into smaller tubes until they reach the level of tissues. The oxygen that enters the trachea is exchanged by diffusion with the tissues. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide that reaches the trachea from the tissues is forced out of the body.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11-define-the-oxygen-dissociation-curve-can-you-suggest-any-reason-for-its-sigmoidal-pattern\"><\/span>11. <strong>Define the oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A graph is attained when the percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen is plotted against the partial pressure of oxygen.<\/p>\n<p><img title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-image-6-2.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Image 6\"><\/p>\n<p>The affinity of the second molecule of oxygen escalates when the first molecule of oxygen binds to hemoglobin. This is why the Oxyhemoglobin formation is rapid and is represented by the steep slope of the S-curve as observed. When the formation of Oxyhemoglobin comes to a halt, or when hemoglobin molecules are not available for binding, the curve attains a plateau phase.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12-have-you-heard-about-hypoxia-try-to-gather-information-about-it-and-discuss-it-with-your-friends\"><\/span><strong>12. Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss it with your friends.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hypoxia is a pathological condition wherein the body on the whole or a part of the body is not supplied with sufficient oxygen.<\/p>\n<p>Hypoxia is of different types, namely:<\/p>\n<p>1. Cytotoxic hypoxia \u2013 caused by cyanide poisoning<\/p>\n<p>2. Anaemic hypoxia \u2013 caused by deficiency of hemoglobin<\/p>\n<p>3. Hypoxic hypoxia \u2013 caused due to insufficient oxygen in the atmosphere<\/p>\n<p>4. Stagnant hypoxia \u2013 caused by reduced pumping activity of the heart or heart failure<\/p>\n<p>5. Carbon monoxide poisoning \u2013 Irreversible binding of CO to hemoglobin and reduced oxygen transport.<\/p>\n<p>Symptoms:<\/p>\n<p>1. Shortness of breath<\/p>\n<p>2. Rapid heart rate<\/p>\n<p>3. Rapid breathing<\/p>\n<p>4. Anxiousness<\/p>\n<p>5. Lethargy<\/p>\n<p>6. Difficulty in communicating<\/p>\n<p>7. Confusion<\/p>\n<p>Hypoxia is caused due to the following reasons:<\/p>\n<p>1. The concentration of oxygen is low at higher altitudes which may lead to hypoxia<\/p>\n<p>2. Hypoxia may also arise due to any of these respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma<\/p>\n<p>3. Hypoxia can also be caused due to anemia which is linked to a lesser number of red blood cells<\/p>\n<p>4. It may arise due to heart problems such as tachycardia<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13-distinguish-between\"><\/span><strong>13. Distinguish between<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>(a) IRV and ERV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The differences are as follows:<\/p>\n<p>(a) IRV and ERV<\/p>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>IRV (Inspiratory reserve volume)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ERV (Expiratory reserve volume)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>It is the volume of air that a person can additionally inspire through a compelled inspiration<\/td>\n<td>It is the volume of air that a person can expire through an expelled expiration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>For a healthy individual, the IRV is approximately 2500ml \u2013 3000ml<\/td>\n<td>For a healthy individual, the ERV is approximately 1000ml to 1100ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>(b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity<\/p>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Inspiratory capacity (IC)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Expiratory capacity (EC)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Inspiratory capacity is the volume of air that can be inhaled post a normal expiration<\/td>\n<td>Expiratory capacity is the volume of air that can be exhaled post a normal inspiration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>It is given by the sum of tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume\n<p>i.e, IC = TV + IRV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>It is given by the tidal volume and the expiratory reserve volume\n<p>i.e., EC = TV + ERV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>(c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity<\/p>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Vital capacity (VC)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Total lung capacity (TLC)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>After maximum inspiration, it is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled. It includes IC and ERV.<\/td>\n<td>After maximum inspiration, it is the volume of air in the lungs. It includes ERV, IC, and residual volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>The vital capacity in the lungs of humans is about 4000ml<\/td>\n<td>The total lung capacity in the lungs of humans is nearly 5000ml to 6000ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14-what-is-tidal-volume-find-out-the-tidal-volume-approximate-value-for-a-healthy-human-in-an-hour\"><\/span><strong>14. What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>During normal respiration, the volume of air expired or inspired is referred to as tidal volume (TV). The tidal volume is approximately 500ml for a healthy individual. A healthy individual can expire or inspire nearly 6000-8000ml of air per minute or around 12-16 times a minute.&nbsp; Hence, the tidal volume for a healthy man in an hour approximately can be between 3,60,000 ml and 4,80,000 ml.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>We have covered the detailed guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/cbse.nic.in\/newsite\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CBSE<\/a> NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases. You should have proper CBSE 11th study material to excel at the level of preparation in the correct way. Feel free to ask any questions.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"faqs-on-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\"><\/span>FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627563568228\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"define-respiration-as-per-chapter-17-biology-class-11\"><\/span>Define respiration as per Chapter 17 Biology Class 11.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Respiration: The sum total of physical and chemical processes by which oxygen and carbohydrates (main food nutrient) etc. are assimilated into the system and the oxidation products like carbon dioxide and water are given off.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627563616149\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"define-diaphragm-as-per-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\"><\/span>Define Diaphragm as per NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Diaphragm: A muscular, membranous partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627563721466\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"from-where-can-i-download-the-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-pdf\"><\/span>From where can I download the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 PDF?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You can find the download link in the above blog for NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627563774006\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-it-even-beneficial-to-study-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\"><\/span>Is it even beneficial to study NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 17?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, it has many benefits which can be found in the above blog.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627563775750\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-does-it-cost-to-obtain-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17-pdf\"><\/span><strong>What does it cost to obtain NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 PDF?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It is completely free.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17: It mostly talks about Respiration. Respiration is an essential life process carried out by all living entities. The process of exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere with carbon dioxide that is produced by the cells is termed breathing which is commonly known as respiration. The chapter provides &#8230; <a title=\"Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions for Chapter 17 \u2013 Breathing and Exchange of Gases\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-biology-chapter-17\/\" aria-label=\"More on Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions for Chapter 17 \u2013 Breathing and Exchange of Gases\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":249,"featured_media":55683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":""},"categories":[2934,73694],"tags":[76460,76233,76462],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/249"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57204"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":377899,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57204\/revisions\/377899"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}