{"id":56007,"date":"2021-07-29T17:43:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T12:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/?p=56007"},"modified":"2023-10-16T13:27:59","modified_gmt":"2023-10-16T07:57:59","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-109989\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-For-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques.jpg\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-For-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-For-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<\/strong>: Chemistry is an essential subject for class 11. And chapter 12, which deals with the basic concepts in organic chemistry, is one of the necessary topics that help build a solid foundation in the subject. So, you get NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 for the same.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/cbse-class-11-chemistry-ncert-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NCERT Solutions For 11th Chemistry All Chapters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And by going over them, you can come out in flying colors in not only your 11<sup>th<\/sup>-grade final exams but also in your 12<sup>th<\/sup>-grade board exams as well as in various other competitive exams such as NEET and IIT-JEE. The solutions are comprehensive, and they explain each concept in detail. So, you should be studying from them if you ought to crack these exams.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_47_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-69e39c457a90c\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69e39c457a90c\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-visibility-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\" title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#what-will-you-learn-in-cbse-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\" title=\"What will you learn in CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry?\">What will you learn in CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#introduction-to-organic-chemistry\" title=\"Introduction to Organic Chemistry\">Introduction to Organic Chemistry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#catenation\" title=\"Catenation\">Catenation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#representation-of-organic-compounds\" title=\"Representation of Organic Compounds\">Representation of Organic Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#classification-of-organic-compounds\" title=\"Classification of Organic Compounds\">Classification of Organic Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#organic-compounds-and-their-reactions\" title=\"Organic Compounds and their Reactions\">Organic Compounds and their Reactions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#purification-of-organic-compounds\" title=\"Purification of Organic Compounds\">Purification of Organic Compounds<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#advantages-of-ncert-solutions-11th-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\" title=\"Advantages of NCERT Solutions 11th Chemistry&nbsp;Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry\">Advantages of NCERT Solutions 11th Chemistry&nbsp;Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#1-clear-and-in-depth-analysis-of-the-concepts\" title=\"1. Clear and In-Depth Analysis of the Concepts\">1. Clear and In-Depth Analysis of the Concepts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#2-easy-to-navigate\" title=\"2. Easy to Navigate\">2. Easy to Navigate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#3-a-guide-to-preparing-for-competitive-exams\" title=\"3. A Guide to Preparing for Competitive Exams\">3. A Guide to Preparing for Competitive Exams<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#access-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12\" title=\"Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12\">Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-1-what-are-hybridisation-states-of-each-carbon-atom-in-the-following-compounds-ch2co-ch3chch2-ch32co-ch2chcn-c6h6\" title=\"Question 1. What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?&nbsp;CH2=C=O, CH3CH=CH2, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CHCN, C6H6.\">Question 1. What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?&nbsp;CH2=C=O, CH3CH=CH2, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CHCN, C6H6.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-2-indicate-the-a-and-n-bonds-in-the-following-molecules-c6h6-c6h12-ch2cl2-chcch2-ch3no2-hconhch3\" title=\"Question 2. Indicate the a- and n-bonds in the following molecules: C6H6&nbsp;, C6H12, CH2Cl2, CH=C=CH2, CH3NO2, HCONHCH3\">Question 2. Indicate the a- and n-bonds in the following molecules: C6H6&nbsp;, C6H12, CH2Cl2, CH=C=CH2, CH3NO2, HCONHCH3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-3-write-bond-line-formulas-for-isopropyl-alcohol-23-dimethylbutanal-heptan-4-one\" title=\"Question 3. Write bond-line formulas for: Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethylbutanal, Heptan-4-one.\">Question 3. Write bond-line formulas for: Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethylbutanal, Heptan-4-one.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-4-give-the-tupac-names-of-the-following-compounds\" title=\"Question 4. Give the TUPAC names of the following compounds: \">Question 4. Give the TUPAC names of the following compounds: <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-5which-of-the-following-represents-the-correct-tupac-name-for-the-compounds-concerned\" title=\"Question 5.Which of the following represents the correct TUPAC name for the compounds concerned? \">Question 5.Which of the following represents the correct TUPAC name for the compounds concerned? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#a-2-2-dimethylpentane-or-2-dimethylpentane-b-2-4-7-trimethyloctane-or-2-5-7-trimethyl-octane-c-2-chloro-4-methylpentane-or-4-chloro-2-methylpentane-d-but-3-yn-l-ol-or-but-4-ol-yne\" title=\"(a) 2, 2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane (b) 2, 4, 7-Trimethyloctane or 2, 5, 7- Trimethyl octane (c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane (d) But-3-yn- l-ol or But-4-ol-yne.\">(a) 2, 2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane (b) 2, 4, 7-Trimethyloctane or 2, 5, 7- Trimethyl octane (c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane (d) But-3-yn- l-ol or But-4-ol-yne.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-6-draw-formulas-for-the-first-five-members-of-each-homologous-series-beginning-with-the-following-compounds-a-h%e2%80%94cooh-b-ch3coch3-c-h%e2%80%94chch2\" title=\"Question 6. Draw formulas for the first five members of each homologous series beginning with the following compounds, (a) H\u2014COOH (b) CH3COCH3&nbsp;(c) H\u2014CH=CH2\">Question 6. Draw formulas for the first five members of each homologous series beginning with the following compounds, (a) H\u2014COOH (b) CH3COCH3&nbsp;(c) H\u2014CH=CH2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-7-give-condensed-and-bond-line-structural-formulas-and-identify-the-functional-groups-present-if-any-for-a-2-2-4-trimethylpentane-b-2-hydroxy-l-2-3-propanetricarboxylic-acid-c-hexanedial\" title=\"Question 7. Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for:&nbsp;(a) 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane (b) 2-Hydroxy-l, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid (c) Hexanedial.\">Question 7. Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for:&nbsp;(a) 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane (b) 2-Hydroxy-l, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid (c) Hexanedial.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-8-identify-the-functional-groups-in-the-following-compounds\" title=\"Question 8. Identify the functional groups in the following compounds: \">Question 8. Identify the functional groups in the following compounds: <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-9-which-of-the-two-o2nch2ch2o%e2%80%93-or-ch3ch2o%e2%80%93-is-expected-to-be-more-stable-and-why\" title=\"Question 9. Which of the two: O2NCH2CH2O\u2013&nbsp;or CH3CH2O\u2013&nbsp;is expected to be more stable and why?\">Question 9. Which of the two: O2NCH2CH2O\u2013&nbsp;or CH3CH2O\u2013&nbsp;is expected to be more stable and why?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-10-explain-why-alkyl-groups-act-as-electron-donors-when-attached-to-a-%cf%80-system\" title=\"Question 10. Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a \u03c0-system.\">Question 10. Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a \u03c0-system.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-11-draw-the-resonance-structures-for-the-following-compounds-show-the-electron-shift-using-curved-arrow-notation-a-c6h5oh-b-c6h5n02-c-ch3chchcho-d-c6h5%e2%80%94cho-e-c6h5%e2%80%94ch2-f-ch3chchch2\" title=\"Question 11. Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved-arrow notation.&nbsp;(a) C6H5OH (b) C6H5N02&nbsp;(c) CH3CH=CHCHO (d) C6H5\u2014CHO (e) C6H5\u2014CH2&nbsp;(f) Ch3Ch=ChCh2\">Question 11. Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved-arrow notation.&nbsp;(a) C6H5OH (b) C6H5N02&nbsp;(c) CH3CH=CHCHO (d) C6H5\u2014CHO (e) C6H5\u2014CH2&nbsp;(f) Ch3Ch=ChCh2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-12-what-are-electrophiles-and-nucleophiles-explain-with-examples\" title=\"Question 12. What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples:\">Question 12. What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-13-identify-the-reagents-shown-in-bold-in-the-following-equations-as-nucleophiles-or-electrophiles-a-ch3cooh-ho%e2%80%93-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch3coo%e2%80%93-h2o-b-ch3coch3-cn-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch32-ccnoh-c-c6h5-ch3co-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-c6h5coch3\" title=\"Question 13. Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles (a) CH3COOH + HO\u2013&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH3COO\u2013&nbsp;+ H2O (b) CH3COCH3&nbsp;+ CN \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH3)2&nbsp;C(CN)(OH) (c) C6H5&nbsp;+ CH3CO \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; C6H5COCH3\">Question 13. Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles (a) CH3COOH + HO\u2013&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH3COO\u2013&nbsp;+ H2O (b) CH3COCH3&nbsp;+ CN \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH3)2&nbsp;C(CN)(OH) (c) C6H5&nbsp;+ CH3CO \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; C6H5COCH3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-14-classify-the-following-reactions-in-one-of-the-reaction-type-studied-in-this-unit-a-ch3ch2br-hs%e2%80%93-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch3ch2sh-br%e2%80%93-b-ch32cch2-hcl-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch32ccl%e2%80%94ch3-c-ch3ch2br-ho%e2%80%93-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch2ch2-h2o-br%e2%80%93-d-ch33c%e2%80%94ch2oh-hbr-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch32-c-br-ch2ch2ch3-h2o\" title=\"Question 14. Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit. (a) CH3CH2Br + HS\u2013&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH3CH2SH + Br\u2013 (b) (CH3)2C=CH2&nbsp;+ HCl \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH3)2CCl\u2014CH3 (c) CH3CH2Br + HO\u2013&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH2=CH2&nbsp;+ H2O + Br\u2013 (d) (CH3)3C\u2014CH2OH + HBr \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH3)2&nbsp;C Br CH2CH2CH3&nbsp;+ H2O\">Question 14. Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit. (a) CH3CH2Br + HS\u2013&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH3CH2SH + Br\u2013 (b) (CH3)2C=CH2&nbsp;+ HCl \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH3)2CCl\u2014CH3 (c) CH3CH2Br + HO\u2013&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH2=CH2&nbsp;+ H2O + Br\u2013 (d) (CH3)3C\u2014CH2OH + HBr \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH3)2&nbsp;C Br CH2CH2CH3&nbsp;+ H2O<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-15-what-is-the-relationship-between-the-members-of-following-pairs-of-structures-are-they-structural-or-geometrical-isomers-or-resonance-contributors\" title=\"Question 15. What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors? \">Question 15. What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-16-for-the-following-bond-cleavages-use-curved-arrows-to-show-the-electron-flow-and-classify-each-as-homolysis-or-heterolysis\" title=\"Question 16. For the following bond cleavages, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify each as homolysis or heterolysis.\">Question 16. For the following bond cleavages, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify each as homolysis or heterolysis.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#identify-reactive-intermediate-produced-as-free-radical-carbocation-and-carbanion\" title=\" Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion. \"> Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion. <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-17-explain-the-terms-inductive-and-electrometric-effects-which-electron-displacement-effect-explain-the-following-correct-orders-of-acidity-of-the-carboxylic-acids\" title=\"Question 17. Explain the terms inductive and electrometric effects. Which electron displacement effect explain the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?\">Question 17. Explain the terms inductive and electrometric effects. Which electron displacement effect explain the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#a-cl3ccooh-%3e-cl2chcooh-%3e-clch2-cooh-b-ch3ch2cooh-%3e-ch32-chcooh-%3e-ch33ccooh\" title=\"(a) Cl3CCOOH &gt; Cl2CHCOOH &gt; ClCH2&nbsp;COOH (b) CH3CH2COOH &gt; (CH3)2&nbsp;CHCOOH &gt; (CH3)3CCOOH\">(a) Cl3CCOOH &gt; Cl2CHCOOH &gt; ClCH2&nbsp;COOH (b) CH3CH2COOH &gt; (CH3)2&nbsp;CHCOOH &gt; (CH3)3CCOOH<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-18-give-a-brief-description-of-the-principles-of-the-following-techniques-taking-an-example-in-each-case-a-crystallisation-b-distillation-c-chromatography\" title=\"Question 18. Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each&nbsp;case: (a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography\">Question 18. Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each&nbsp;case: (a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-19-describe-the-method-which-can-be-used-to-separate-two-compounds-with-different-solubilities-in-a-solvent-s\" title=\"Question 19. Describe the method, which can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent S.\">Question 19. Describe the method, which can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent S.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-20-what-is-the-difference-between-distillation-distillation-under-reduced-pressure-and-steam-distillation\" title=\"Question 20. What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation?\">Question 20. What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-21-discuss-the-chemistry-of-lassaigne%e2%80%99s-test\" title=\"Question 21. Discuss the chemistry of Lassaigne\u2019s test.\">Question 21. Discuss the chemistry of Lassaigne\u2019s test.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-22-differentiate-between-the-principle-of-estimation-of-nitrogen-in-an-organic-compound-by-i-dumas-method-ii-kjeldahl%e2%80%99s-method\" title=\"Question 22. Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound by&nbsp;(i) Dumas method (ii) Kjeldahl\u2019s method.\">Question 22. Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound by&nbsp;(i) Dumas method (ii) Kjeldahl\u2019s method.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-23-discuss-the-principle-of-estimation-of-halogens-sulphur-and-phosphorus-present-in-an-organic-compound\" title=\"Question 23. Discuss the principle of estimation of halogens, sulphur and phosphorus present in an organic compound.\">Question 23. Discuss the principle of estimation of halogens, sulphur and phosphorus present in an organic compound.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-24-explain-the-principle-of-paper-chromatography\" title=\"Question 24. Explain the principle of paper chromatography.\">Question 24. Explain the principle of paper chromatography.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-25-why-is-nitric-acid-added-to-sodium-extract-before-adding-silver-nitrate-for-testing-halogens\" title=\"Question 25. Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens ?\">Question 25. Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-26-explain-the-reason-for-the-fusion-of-an-organic-compound-with-metallic-sodium-for-testing-nitrogen-sulphur-and-halogens\" title=\"Question 26. Explain the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with metallic sodium for testing nitrogen, sulphur and halogens.\">Question 26. Explain the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with metallic sodium for testing nitrogen, sulphur and halogens.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-27-name-a-suitable-technique-of-separation-of-the-components-from-a-mixture-of-calcium-sulphate-and-camphor\" title=\"Question 27. Name a suitable technique of separation of the components from a mixture of calcium sulphate and camphor.\">Question 27. Name a suitable technique of separation of the components from a mixture of calcium sulphate and camphor.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-28-explain-why-an-organic-liquid-vaporises-at-a-temperature-below-its-boiling-point-in-its-steam-distillation\" title=\"Question 28. Explain, why an organic liquid vaporises at a temperature below its boiling point in its steam distillation ?\">Question 28. Explain, why an organic liquid vaporises at a temperature below its boiling point in its steam distillation ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-29will-ccl4-give-white-precipitate-of-agcl-on-heating-it-with-silver-nitrate-give-reason-for-your-answer\" title=\"Question 29.Will CCl4&nbsp;give white precipitate of AgCl on heating it with silver nitrate? Give reason for your answer.\">Question 29.Will CCl4&nbsp;give white precipitate of AgCl on heating it with silver nitrate? Give reason for your answer.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#question-30-why-is-a-solution-of-potassium-hydroxide-used-to-absorb-carbon-dioxide-evolved-during-the-estimation-of-carbon-present-in-an-organic-compound\" title=\"Question 30. Why is a solution of potassium hydroxide used to absorb carbon dioxide evolved during the estimation of carbon present in an organic compound?\">Question 30. Why is a solution of potassium hydroxide used to absorb carbon dioxide evolved during the estimation of carbon present in an organic compound?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#faq-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\" title=\"FAQ: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry\">FAQ: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#how-many-chapters-are-there-in-chemistry-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\" title=\"How many chapters are there in chemistry NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 organic chemistry?\">How many chapters are there in chemistry NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 organic chemistry?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#what-are-the-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\" title=\"What are the basic concepts of organic chemistry?\">What are the basic concepts of organic chemistry?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#is-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-chemistry-hard\" title=\"Is NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 chemistry hard?\">Is NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 chemistry hard?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/#is-organic-chemistry-hard\" title=\"Is organic chemistry hard?\">Is organic chemistry hard?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\"><\/span><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As a student of class 11 looking to put in your best efforts, then you should be studying from NCERT solutions. The solutions not only explain each concept in detail but also have questions at the end of every chapter. And by answering them, you can rest assured that you will score higher in the exams.<\/p>\n<p>Also, each chapter in the solutions is according to the topics that you can find in the textbooks. So, it makes for easy navigation.<\/p>\n<p>Organic Chemistry is an essential concept in the subject. And once you have gone through the chapter, you can understand the mechanism underlying organic reactions and name different compounds according to the IUPAC system while also deriving their structures.<\/p>\n<p>Besides this, you will also learn about the different processes behind the purification of organic compounds, as well as how you can interpret them.<\/p>\n<p>You can download CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry from below.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/chapter_12_organic_chemistry_some_basic_principles.pdf\">Download NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"example1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">.pdfobject-container { height: 500px;}<br>.pdfobject { border: 1px solid #666; }<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br>PDFObject.embed(&#8220;https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/chapter_12_organic_chemistry_some_basic_principles.pdf&#8221;, &#8220;#example1&#8221;);<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-will-you-learn-in-cbse-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\"><\/span>What will you learn in CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Organic Chemistry is a branch of science and chemistry that deals with organic compounds. Organic compounds are those substances that you can extract from plants and other living beings. Organic Chemistry is the study of carbon compounds and their derivatives. The current chapter is all about organic compounds such as carbon, their shapes and sizes, and their naming, classification, and other such fundamental concepts.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"introduction-to-organic-chemistry\"><\/span><strong>Introduction to Organic Chemistry<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Organic Chemistry plays a vital role in everyday life. All the foods, medicines, soaps, perfumes, and other such things that we use are organic compounds. The field of chemistry comes in handy, especially for pharmaceutical professionals who deal with the manufacturing of such compounds.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"catenation\"><\/span><strong>Catenation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Organic compounds get their shape with the help of a process called \u2018catenation.\u2019 In this process, different compounds automatically link with each other to form two-dimensional layers or three-dimensional lattices.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"representation-of-organic-compounds\"><\/span><strong>Representation of Organic Compounds<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>You can represent the structures of carbon-based organic compounds using three methods. The first method, called \u2018complete structural formula,\u2019 shows all the atoms and molecules, along with the types of molecules that help create bonds between them. The second technique of showing the structures of organic compounds, called \u2018condensed structural formula,\u2019 makes use of abbreviations to save space. Similarly, the third type, also known as the \u2018Bond Line Structural Formula,\u2019 is even more condensed than the condensed structural formula. However, when representing the structures of organic compounds using the \u2018Bond Line Structural Formula,\u2019 the reader must visualize the things that are left out to get the complete picture.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"classification-of-organic-compounds\"><\/span><strong>Classification of Organic Compounds<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Organic compounds are classified depending on the number of chains that the carbon bonds form. For example, acyclic compounds consist of both open-chain bonds and closed-chain bonds and are also called Aliphatic Compounds. Similarly, you have aromatic compounds, which are mostly benzene-ring compounds. You also get heterocyclic aromatic compounds produced in a laboratory setting.<\/p>\n<p>The IUPAC creates the rules for naming organic compounds. And the nomenclature depends on the arrangement of the molecules in an organic compound.<\/p>\n<p>The chapter also introduces the students to the concept of \u2018Isomerism.\u2019 Isomerism is a phenomenon by which two organic compounds have the same chemical formula but different structures. There are two types of Isomerism. In the first type, called \u2018Structural Isomerism,\u2019 two molecules have the same molecular formula. Whereas, in the second type, called \u2018Stereo Isomerism,\u2019 they would have the same molecular formula, but different three-dimensional orientations.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"organic-compounds-and-their-reactions\"><\/span><strong>Organic Compounds and their Reactions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Organic compounds react depending on three factors, namely, their shape, the functional group that they belong to, and how they differ from each other in terms of the previous one in a series.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"purification-of-organic-compounds\"><\/span><strong>Purification of Organic Compounds<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Organic compounds can be purified to get pure compounds using eight different techniques. A few crucial processes involved in all the eight procedures include distillation, crystallization, sublimation, and chromatography.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"advantages-of-ncert-solutions-11th-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\"><\/span><strong>Advantages of NCERT Solutions 11th Chemistry&nbsp;Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Studying from NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry can be beneficial, especially for a subject like Chemistry. The solutions contain a detailed, chapter-wise explanation of the concepts. So, students can be thorough with each of the topics by going through them. Likewise, here are the other advantages of studying organic chemistry from NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-clear-and-in-depth-analysis-of-the-concepts\"><\/span><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>Clear and In-Depth Analysis of the Concepts<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry give a clear picture of the different concepts in organic chemistry along with in-depth explanations for the same.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-easy-to-navigate\"><\/span><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>Easy to Navigate<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The solutions come in a chapter-wise arrangement, just like the textbooks. And the creators have broken down each chapter into the different concepts. So, it makes for easy navigation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-a-guide-to-preparing-for-competitive-exams\"><\/span><strong>3. <\/strong><strong>A Guide to Preparing for Competitive Exams<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>NCERT solutions help students prepare themselves for various competitive examinations such as the IIT-JEE or NEET. They give those questions that are vital for such exams at the end of each chapter. So, students can prepare to face competitive exams with confidence.<\/p>\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Chemistry, and mainly, for a vast and varied concept like Organic Chemistry, can be helpful for students who aspire to write exams like the IIT-JEE, NEET, AIIMS, and other such competitive exams. Additionally, they also help them prepare for the upcoming class 11 exams as well as the board exams of grade 12. So, there is no doubt that NCERT solutions are one of the best study materials when it comes to class 11 Chemistry.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"access-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12\"><\/span>Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-1-what-are-hybridisation-states-of-each-carbon-atom-in-the-following-compounds-ch2co-ch3chch2-ch32co-ch2chcn-c6h6\"><\/span><strong>Question 1. What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>CH<sub>2<\/sub>=C=O, CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub>, (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CO, CH<sub>2<\/sub>=CHCN, C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q1\" width=\"506\" height=\"166\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-2-indicate-the-a-and-n-bonds-in-the-following-molecules-c6h6-c6h12-ch2cl2-chcch2-ch3no2-hconhch3\"><\/span><strong>Question 2. Indicate the a- and n-bonds in the following molecules:<\/strong><br><strong>C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>&nbsp;, C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>, CH<sub>2<\/sub>Cl<sub>2<\/sub>, CH=C=CH<sub>2<\/sub>, CH<sub>3<\/sub>NO<sub>2<\/sub>, HCONHCH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q2.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q2\" width=\"685\" height=\"231\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-3-write-bond-line-formulas-for-isopropyl-alcohol-23-dimethylbutanal-heptan-4-one\"><\/span><strong>Question 3. Write bond-line formulas for: Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethylbutanal, Heptan-4-one.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q3.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q3\" width=\"498\" height=\"98\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-4-give-the-tupac-names-of-the-following-compounds\"><\/span><strong>Question 4. Give the TUPAC names of the following compounds:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q4.jpg\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q4\" width=\"499\" height=\"166\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong> (a) Propyl benzene (b) 3-Methylpentanenitrite (c) 2, 5-Dimethylheptane<br>(d) 3-Bromo- 3-chloroheptane (e) 3-Chloropropanal (f) 2, 2-Dichloroethanol<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-5which-of-the-following-represents-the-correct-tupac-name-for-the-compounds-concerned\"><\/span><strong>Question 5.Which of the following represents the correct TUPAC name for the compounds concerned?<\/strong><br><b><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a-2-2-dimethylpentane-or-2-dimethylpentane-b-2-4-7-trimethyloctane-or-2-5-7-trimethyl-octane-c-2-chloro-4-methylpentane-or-4-chloro-2-methylpentane-d-but-3-yn-l-ol-or-but-4-ol-yne\"><\/span><b>(a) 2, 2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane (b) 2, 4, 7-Trimethyloctane or 2, 5, 7- Trimethyl octane <\/b><strong>(c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane (d) But-3-yn- l-ol or But-4-ol-yne.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;(a) 2, 2-Demethylpentane (b)2, 4, 7-Trimethyloctane. For two alkyl groups on the same carbon its locant is repeated twice, 2, 4, 7-locant set is lower than 2, 5, 7.<br>(c) 2- Chloro-4-methylpentane. Alphabetical order of substituents, (d) But-3-yn-l-ol. Lower locant for the principal functional group, i.e., alcohol.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-6-draw-formulas-for-the-first-five-members-of-each-homologous-series-beginning-with-the-following-compounds-a-h%e2%80%94cooh-b-ch3coch3-c-h%e2%80%94chch2\"><\/span><strong>Question 6. Draw formulas for the first five members of each homologous series beginning with the following compounds,<\/strong><br><strong>(a) H\u2014COOH (b) CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;(c) H\u2014CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>(a) CH<sub>3<\/sub>\u2014COOH<br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014COOH CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014COOH<br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014COOH<\/p>\n<p>(b) CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CO(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>(c) H\u2014CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub><br>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-7-give-condensed-and-bond-line-structural-formulas-and-identify-the-functional-groups-present-if-any-for-a-2-2-4-trimethylpentane-b-2-hydroxy-l-2-3-propanetricarboxylic-acid-c-hexanedial\"><\/span><strong>Question 7. Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for:&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(a) 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane (b) 2-Hydroxy-l, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid (c) Hexanedial.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q7.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q7\" width=\"665\" height=\"277\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-8-identify-the-functional-groups-in-the-following-compounds\"><\/span><strong>Question 8. Identify the functional groups in the following compounds:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q8.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q8\" width=\"621\" height=\"142\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q8.1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q8.1\" width=\"702\" height=\"326\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-9-which-of-the-two-o2nch2ch2o%e2%80%93-or-ch3ch2o%e2%80%93-is-expected-to-be-more-stable-and-why\"><\/span><strong>Question 9. Which of the two: O<sub>2<\/sub>NCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>O<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;or CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>O<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;is expected to be more stable and why?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;O<sub>2<\/sub>N\u2014\u2014&lt;\u2014\u2014- CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014\u2014&lt;\u2014\u2014- CH<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2014&lt;\u2014\u2014- O<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;is more stable than CH<sub>3<\/sub>\u2014\u2014&lt;\u2014\u2014-CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014\u2014&lt;\u2014\u2014-O- because NO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;group has -I-effect and hence it tends to disperse the -ve charge on the O-atom. In contrast, CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;has +I-effect. It, therefore, tends to intensify the -ve charge and hence destabilizes it.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-10-explain-why-alkyl-groups-act-as-electron-donors-when-attached-to-a-%cf%80-system\"><\/span><strong>Question 10. Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a \u03c0-system.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;Due to hyperconjugation, alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a \u03c0- system as shown below:<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q10.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q10\" width=\"500\" height=\"238\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-11-draw-the-resonance-structures-for-the-following-compounds-show-the-electron-shift-using-curved-arrow-notation-a-c6h5oh-b-c6h5n02-c-ch3chchcho-d-c6h5%e2%80%94cho-e-c6h5%e2%80%94ch2-f-ch3chchch2\"><\/span><strong>Question 11. Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved-arrow notation.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(a) C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH (b) C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>N0<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;(c) CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH=CHCHO (d) C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>\u2014CHO (e) C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>\u2014CH<sub>2&nbsp;<\/sub>(f) Ch<sub>3<\/sub>Ch=ChCh<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q11.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q11\" width=\"674\" height=\"118\"><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q11.1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q11.1\" width=\"659\" height=\"600\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-12-what-are-electrophiles-and-nucleophiles-explain-with-examples\"><\/span><strong>Question 12. What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;Electrophiles: The name electrophiles means electron loving. Electrophiles are electron deficient. They may be positive ions or neutral molecules.<\/p>\n<p>Ex: H<sup>+<\/sup>, Cl<sup>+<\/sup>, Br<sup>+<\/sup>, NO<sub>2<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>, R<sub>3<\/sub>C<sup>+<\/sup>, RN<sub>2<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>, AlCl<sub>3<\/sub>, BF<sub>3<\/sub><br>Nucleophiles: The name nucleophiles means \u2018nucleus loving\u2019 and indicates that it attacks the region of low electron density (positive centres) in a substrate molecule.<\/p>\n<p>They are electron rich they may be negative ions or neutral molecules.<br>Ex: Cl<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;Br<sup>\u2013<\/sup>, CN<sup>\u2013<\/sup>, OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup>, RCR<sub>2<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup>, NH<sub>3<\/sub>, RNH<sub>2<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>O, ROH etc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-13-identify-the-reagents-shown-in-bold-in-the-following-equations-as-nucleophiles-or-electrophiles-a-ch3cooh-ho%e2%80%93-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch3coo%e2%80%93-h2o-b-ch3coch3-cn-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch32-ccnoh-c-c6h5-ch3co-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-c6h5coch3\"><\/span><strong>Question 13. Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles<\/strong><br><strong>(a) CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + HO<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/strong><br><strong>(b) CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;+ CN \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;C(CN)(OH)<\/strong><br><strong>(c) C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>&nbsp;+ CH<sub>3<\/sub>CO \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nucleophiles: (a) and (b) and Electrophile : (c)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-14-classify-the-following-reactions-in-one-of-the-reaction-type-studied-in-this-unit-a-ch3ch2br-hs%e2%80%93-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch3ch2sh-br%e2%80%93-b-ch32cch2-hcl-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch32ccl%e2%80%94ch3-c-ch3ch2br-ho%e2%80%93-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch2ch2-h2o-br%e2%80%93-d-ch33c%e2%80%94ch2oh-hbr-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93%3e-ch32-c-br-ch2ch2ch3-h2o\"><\/span><strong>Question 14. Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit.<\/strong><br><strong>(a) CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>Br + HS<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>SH + Br<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/strong><br><strong>(b) (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C=CH<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ HCl \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CCl\u2014CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><br><strong>(c) CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>Br + HO<sup>\u2013<\/sup>&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; CH<sub>2<\/sub>=CH<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O + Br<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/strong><br><strong>(d) (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>C\u2014CH2OH + HBr \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;C Br CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>(a) Nucleophilic substitution (b) Electrophilic addition<br>(c)Bimolecular elimination (d) Nucleophilic substitution with rearrangement.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-15-what-is-the-relationship-between-the-members-of-following-pairs-of-structures-are-they-structural-or-geometrical-isomers-or-resonance-contributors\"><\/span><strong>Question 15. What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors?<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q15.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q15\" width=\"636\" height=\"122\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>(a) Structural isomers (actually position isomers as well as metamers)<br>(b) geometrical isomers<br>(c) resonance contributors because they differ in the position of electrons but not atoms<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-16-for-the-following-bond-cleavages-use-curved-arrows-to-show-the-electron-flow-and-classify-each-as-homolysis-or-heterolysis\"><\/span><strong>Question 16. For the following bond cleavages, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify each as homolysis or heterolysis.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"identify-reactive-intermediate-produced-as-free-radical-carbocation-and-carbanion\"><\/span><strong> Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q16.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q16\" width=\"378\" height=\"180\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q16.1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q16.1\" width=\"444\" height=\"277\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-17-explain-the-terms-inductive-and-electrometric-effects-which-electron-displacement-effect-explain-the-following-correct-orders-of-acidity-of-the-carboxylic-acids\"><\/span><b>Question 17. Explain the terms inductive and electrometric effects. Which electron displacement effect explain the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a-cl3ccooh-%3e-cl2chcooh-%3e-clch2-cooh-b-ch3ch2cooh-%3e-ch32-chcooh-%3e-ch33ccooh\"><\/span><strong>(a) Cl<sub>3<\/sub>CCOOH &gt; Cl<sub>2<\/sub>CHCOOH &gt; ClCH<sub>2&nbsp;<\/sub>COOH<\/strong><br><strong>(b) CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>COOH &gt; (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;CHCOOH &gt; (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>CCOOH<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong> Inductive Effect: The inductive effect refers to the polarity produced in a molecule as a result of higher electronegativity of one atom compared to another. Atoms or groups which lose electron towards a carbon atom are said to have +1 Effect.<br>Those atoms or groups which draw electron away from a carbon atom are said to have -I Effect.<\/p>\n<p>Common examples of -I effect are:<br>NO<sub>2<\/sub>, F, Cl, Br, I, OH etc.<br>Examples of +1 effect are (Electron releasing)<br>(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C\u2014 , (CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH\u2014, CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014 CH<sub>3<\/sub>\u2014 etc.<\/p>\n<p>Electrometric effect: The electrometric effect refers to the polarity produced in a multiple bonded compound as it is approached by a reagent.<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q17.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q17\" width=\"294\" height=\"47\"><br>The atom A has lost its share in the electron pair and B has gained this share.<br>As a result A acquires a positive charge and B a negative charge. It is a temporary effect and takes place only in the presence of a reagent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) -I-effect as shown below:<\/strong><br>As the number of halogen atoms decreases, the overall -I- effect decreases and the acid strength decreases accordingly.<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q17.1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q17.1\" width=\"635\" height=\"75\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) +I-effect as shown below:<\/strong><br>As the number of alkyl groups increases, the +I-effect increases and the acid strength<br>decreases accordingly.<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q17.2.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q17.2\" width=\"647\" height=\"97\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-18-give-a-brief-description-of-the-principles-of-the-following-techniques-taking-an-example-in-each-case-a-crystallisation-b-distillation-c-chromatography\"><\/span><strong>Question 18. Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>case: (a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(a) Crystallisation:<\/strong>&nbsp;In this process the impure solid is dissolved in the minimum volume of a suitable solvent. The soluble impurities pass into the solution while the insoluble ones left behind.<\/p>\n<p>The hot solution is then filtered and allowed to cool undisturbed till crystallisation is complete. The crystals are then separated from the mother liquor by filtraration and dried.<br>Example: crystallisation of sugar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) Distillation:<\/strong> The operation of distillation is employed for the purification of liquids from non-volatile impurities. The impure liquid is boiled in a flask and the vapors so formed are collected and condensed to give back pure liquid in another vessel. Simple organic liquids such as benzene toluene, xylene etc. can be purified.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(c) Chromatography:<\/strong>&nbsp;Chromatography is based on the principle of selective distribution of the components of a mixture between two phases, a stationary phase and a moving phase. The stationary phase can be a solid or liquid, while the moving phase is a liquid or a gas.<\/p>\n<p>When the stationary phase is solid the basis is adsorption and when it is a liquid the basis is partition. Chromatography is generally used for the Reparation of coloured substances such as plant pigments or dyestuffs.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-19-describe-the-method-which-can-be-used-to-separate-two-compounds-with-different-solubilities-in-a-solvent-s\"><\/span><strong>Question 19. Describe the method, which can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent S.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;Fractional crystallisation is used for this purpose. A hot saturated solution of these two compounds is allowed to cool, the less soluble compound crystallises out while the more soluble remains in the solution.<\/p>\n<p>The crystals are separated from the mother&nbsp;liquor and the mother liquor is again concentrated and the hot solution again allowed to cool when the crystals of the second compound are obtained. These are again filtered and dried.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-20-what-is-the-difference-between-distillation-distillation-under-reduced-pressure-and-steam-distillation\"><\/span><strong>Question 20. What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;Distillation is used in case of volatile liquid mixed with non-volatile impurities.<br>Distillation under reduced pressure: This method is used to purify such liquids which have very high boiling points and which decompose at or below their boiling points.<br>Steam distillation is used to purify steam volatile liquids associated with water immiscible impuritites.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-21-discuss-the-chemistry-of-lassaigne%e2%80%99s-test\"><\/span><strong>Question 21. Discuss the chemistry of Lassaigne\u2019s test.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer: Lassaigne\u2019s test:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens and phosphorous present in an organic compound are detected by Lassaigne\u2019s test.<br>First of all compounds are converted to ionic form by fusing the compound with sodium metal.<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q21.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q21\" width=\"259\" height=\"100\"><\/p>\n<p>Cyanide, sulphide or halide of sodium are extracted from the fused mass by boiling it with distilled water. This extract is known as sodium fusion extract.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-22-differentiate-between-the-principle-of-estimation-of-nitrogen-in-an-organic-compound-by-i-dumas-method-ii-kjeldahl%e2%80%99s-method\"><\/span><strong>Question 22. Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound by&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(i) Dumas method (ii) Kjeldahl\u2019s method.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;(i) Dumas method:<\/strong>&nbsp;The organic compound is heated strongly with excess of CuO \u2018 (Cupric Oxide) in an atmosphere of CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;when free nitrogen, CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;and H<sub>2<\/sub>O are&nbsp;obtained.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(ii)Kjeldahl\u2019s method:<\/strong>&nbsp;A known mass of the organic compound is heated strongly with cone. H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>,&nbsp;a little potassium sulphate and a little mercury (a catalyst). As a result of reaction the nitrogen present in the organic compound is converted to ammonium sulphate.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-23-discuss-the-principle-of-estimation-of-halogens-sulphur-and-phosphorus-present-in-an-organic-compound\"><\/span><strong>Question 23. Discuss the principle of estimation of halogens, sulphur and phosphorus present in an organic compound.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer: Estimation of halogens:<\/strong>&nbsp;It involves oxidising the organic substance with fuming nitric acid in the presence of silver nitrate. The halogen of the substance is thus converted to silver halide which is separated and weighed:<\/p>\n<p>1Weight of organic compound = W gm<br>weight of silver halide = x g.<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q23.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q23\" width=\"376\" height=\"64\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Estimation of sulphur:<\/strong> The organic substance is heated with fuming nitric acid but no silver nitrate is added. The sulphur of the substance is oxidized to sulphur acid which is then precipitated as barium sulphate by adding excess of barium chloride solution. From the weight of BaSO<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;so obtained the percentage of sulphur can be calculated.<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q23.1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q23.1\" width=\"610\" height=\"56\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Estimation of phosphorous:<\/strong>&nbsp;The organic substance is heated with fuming nitric acid whereupon phosphorous is oxidised to phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid is precipitated as ammonium phosphomolybdate, (NH<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;PO<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;.12MOO<sub>3<\/sub>, by the addition of ammonia and ammonium molybdate solution which is then separated, dried and weighed.<br><img src=\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11th-Chemistry-Chapter-12-Organic-Chemistry-Some-Basic-Principles-and-Techniques-Q23.2.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Q23.2\" width=\"483\" height=\"169\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-24-explain-the-principle-of-paper-chromatography\"><\/span><strong>Question 24. Explain the principle of paper chromatography.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>This is the simplest form of chromatography. Here a strip of paper acts as an adsorbent. It is based on the principle which is partly adsorption. The paper is made of cellulose fibers with molecules of water adsorbed on them.<\/p>\n<p>This acts as stationary phase. The mobile phase is the mixture of the components to be identified prepared in a suitable solvent.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-25-why-is-nitric-acid-added-to-sodium-extract-before-adding-silver-nitrate-for-testing-halogens\"><\/span><strong>Question 25. Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>Nitric acid is added to sodium extract so as to decompose<br>NaCN + HNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2014\u2014-&gt; NaNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;+ HCN<br>Na<sub>2<\/sub>S + 2HNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2014\u2014&gt; 2NaNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>S<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-26-explain-the-reason-for-the-fusion-of-an-organic-compound-with-metallic-sodium-for-testing-nitrogen-sulphur-and-halogens\"><\/span><strong>Question 26. Explain the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with metallic sodium for testing nitrogen, sulphur and halogens.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>Organic compound is fused with sodium metal so as to convert organic compounds into NaCN,&nbsp;Na<sub>2<\/sub>S, NaX and Na<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>. Since these are ionic compounds and become more reactive and thus can be easily tested by suitable reagents.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-27-name-a-suitable-technique-of-separation-of-the-components-from-a-mixture-of-calcium-sulphate-and-camphor\"><\/span><strong>Question 27. Name a suitable technique of separation of the components from a mixture of calcium sulphate and camphor.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>Sublimation. Because camphor can sublime whereas CaSO<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;does not.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-28-explain-why-an-organic-liquid-vaporises-at-a-temperature-below-its-boiling-point-in-its-steam-distillation\"><\/span><strong>Question 28. Explain, why an organic liquid vaporises at a temperature below its boiling point in its steam distillation ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>It is because in steam distillation the sum of vapor pressure of organic compound and steam should be equal to atmospheric pressure.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-29will-ccl4-give-white-precipitate-of-agcl-on-heating-it-with-silver-nitrate-give-reason-for-your-answer\"><\/span><strong>Question 29.Will CCl<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;give white precipitate of AgCl on heating it with silver nitrate? Give reason for your answer.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;No. CCl<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;is a completely non-polar covalent compound whereas AgNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;is ionic in nature. Therefore they are not expected to react and thus a white ppt. of silver chloride will not be formed.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"question-30-why-is-a-solution-of-potassium-hydroxide-used-to-absorb-carbon-dioxide-evolved-during-the-estimation-of-carbon-present-in-an-organic-compound\"><\/span><strong>Question 30. Why is a solution of potassium hydroxide used to absorb carbon dioxide evolved during the estimation of carbon present in an organic compound?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answer:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;is acidic in nature and therefore, it reacts with the strong base KOH to form K<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>.<br>2KOH + CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; K<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/p>\n<p>We have covered the complete guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/cbse.nic.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CBSE<\/a>&nbsp;NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry. Feel free to ask us any questions in the comment section below.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"faq-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\"><\/span>FAQ: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627560565145\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-many-chapters-are-there-in-chemistry-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\"><\/span>How many chapters are there in chemistry NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 organic chemistry?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>There are\u00a014 chapters\u00a0in NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 combining both Part 1 &amp; Part 2.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627560608008\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-are-the-basic-concepts-of-organic-chemistry\"><\/span>What are the basic concepts of organic chemistry?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Organic chemistry is the\u00a0study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulphur.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627560613400\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-chemistry-hard\"><\/span>Is NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 chemistry hard?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It is one of the easiest but highly scoring chapters of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1627560698737\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-organic-chemistry-hard\"><\/span>Is organic chemistry hard?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Organic chemistry is the most dreaded of all science classes. It has the highest failure rate, lowest class average, and more retakes than any other science course.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry: Chemistry is an essential subject for class 11. And chapter 12, which deals with the basic concepts in organic chemistry, is one of the necessary topics that help build a solid foundation in the subject. So, you get NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter &#8230; <a title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-chemistry-chapter-12-organic-chemistry\/\" aria-label=\"More on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":249,"featured_media":109989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":""},"categories":[2934,73713,73413],"tags":[3428,76512,76519],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56007"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/249"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56007"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":487888,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56007\/revisions\/487888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/109989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}