<\/span><\/h3>\nAlkanes are the simplest forms of hydrocarbons. In these types of compounds, the carbon atoms have single covalent bonds that are fully saturated by Hydrogen atoms. So, they are also known as saturated hydrocarbons.<\/p>\n
Alkanes have strong bonds and are, therefore, chemically inert. And because of this, they also are known as \u2018paraffin,\u2019 meaning that they have a lesser affinity towards chemical reactions.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Nomenclature of Alkanes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nThe IUPAC has guidelines for writing the structure of Hydrocarbons. As such, you can use the following steps to write the structural formula for different hydrocarbon compounds.<\/p>\n
\n- Find the longest chain that is present in the hydrocarbon compound.<\/li>\n
- Number the chain from left to right.<\/li>\n
- Find the alkyl group.<\/li>\n
- Write the IUPAC name.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
When writing the formula, separate each number by a comma. Also, isolate the numbers from the names. You don\u2019t have to write the prefixes if you are using their alphabet substitutes.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Alkynes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nAlkynes are those hydrocarbons with three bonds in the molecules. Acetylenes are the most important compounds in this class of hydrocarbons.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Nomenclature of Alkynes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nYou can give names to alkynes using the parent alkanes and add the suffix \u2018-yne\u2019 to them. You must then assign numbers to the carbon chain along with the triple bonds, starting from the end that is nearest to that bond.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Isomerism<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nThere are two types of isomerism when it comes to organic compounds. The first type is structural isomerism, and the second type is geometrical isomerism. Most hydrocarbons don\u2019t show any signs of structural isomerism. However, some compounds that have double bonds tend to show geometrical isomerism.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Aromaticity<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nHydrocarbons exhibit aromaticity if they satisfy any of the following conditions.<\/p>\n
\n- The hydrocarbons must be cyclic and planar.<\/li>\n
- Each atom in the hydrocarbon must have a parallel p orbital so that they can overlap continuously.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/span>Physical and Chemical Properties of Benzene<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nBenzene is a colorless liquid and is insoluble in water. However, it is soluble in substances like alcohol, chloroform, and ether.<\/p>\n
It is also a suitable solvent for various other organic and inorganic substances like fat, resins, and Sulphur. Additionally, Benzene also undergoes Electrophilic Substitution and Addition Reactions.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Benefits of Studying from NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13\u00a0Hydrocarbons<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nStudying Chemistry from NCERT solutions come with a ton of benefits, especially for a concept like hydrocarbons. For instance, the solutions have practice questions at the end of each chapter.<\/p>\n
So, students can work on them and come out on top in not only the class 11 exams but also in the class 12 board exams and various other competitive examinations. Likewise, there are other advantages to studying NCERT solutions.<\/p>\n
<\/span>1. <\/strong>Exemplar Problems<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nThe solutions come with exemplar problems that offer a means for the students to understand the subject from a unique perspective.<\/p>\n
<\/span>2. <\/strong>Tips and Tricks<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nThe solutions offer tips and tricks on the way the students should be writing answers in the exams. These tips and tricks should help them score well for each question as well as in the subject.<\/p>\n
<\/span>3. <\/strong>Worksheets<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nThe solutions also have worksheets and many questions for the students to answer. By working on them, you can rest assured that you will score well in the exams.<\/p>\n
<\/span>4. <\/strong>Numerical Problems<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nIn addition to worksheets and exercise questions, NCERT solutions for Chemistry also have numerical problems that are likely to appear in the exams. Their question paper can consist of various levels of numerical problems, and NCERT solutions list all of them.<\/p>\n
It is best if you studied prominent topics such as Hydrocarbons by referring to NCERT solutions. They not only give you in-depth insights about the chapter but also help you to prepare for the exams by offering questions and problems at the end of each chapter.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>Question 1. How do you account for the formation of ethane during the chlorination of methane?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nAnswer:<\/strong> Chlorination of methane is a free radical reaction that occurs by the following mechanism:
![\"NCERT](\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-13-Hydrocarbons-Q1.png\")
From the above mechanism, it is evident that during the propagation step, CH3<\/sub>\u00a0free radicals are produced which may undergo three reactions, i.e., (i) \u2014 (iii). In the chain termination step, the two CH3<\/sub> free radicals combine together to form an ethane (CH3<\/sub>\u2014CH3<\/sub>) molecule.<\/p>\n<\/span>Question 2. Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:<\/strong>
![\"NCERT](\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-13-Hydrocarbons-Q2.png\")
<\/span><\/h3>\n![\"NCERT](\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-13-Hydrocarbons-Q2.1.png\")
<\/h3>\n
Answer:<\/strong>
![\"NCERT](\"https:\/\/www.learncbse.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-13-Hydrocarbons-Q2.2.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/span>Question 3. For the following compounds, write structural formulas and IUPAC names for all possible isomers having the number of double or triple bonds as indicated:<\/strong>
(a) C4<\/sub>H
![\"NCERT](\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-For-Class-11-Chemistry-Chapter-13-Hydrocarbons-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n