<\/span><\/h3>\nHere you can check the latest Psychology UGC NET Syllabus in English:<\/p>\n
Subject: Psychology <\/strong><\/p>\nCode No.: 02<\/strong><\/p>\nEmergence of Psychology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Psychological thought in some major Eastern Systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism and Integral Yoga. Academic psychology in India: Pre-independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia. Issues: The colonial encounter; Post colonialism and psychology; Lack of distinct disciplinary identity.<\/li>\n
- Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period. Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalytical, Gestalt, Behaviorism, Humanistic-Existential, Transpersonal, Cognitive revolution, Multiculturalism. Four founding paths of academic psychology \u2013 Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey. Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental-analytical paradigm (logical empiricism). Indic influences on modern psychology.<\/li>\n
- Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: Ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Paradigms of Western Psychology: Positivism, Post-Positivism, Critical perspective, Social Constructionism, Existential Phenomenology, and Co-operative Enquiry. Paradigmatic Controversies. Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga. Science and spirituality (avidya and vidya). The primacy of self-knowledge in Indian psychology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Research Methodology and Statistics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Research: Meaning, Purpose, and Dimensions.<\/li>\n
- Research problems, Variables and Operational Definitions, Hypothesis, Sampling.<\/li>\n
- Ethics in conducting and reporting research<\/li>\n
- Paradigms of research: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed methods approach<\/li>\n
- Methods of research: Observation, Survey [Interview, Questionnaires], Experimental, Quasi-experimental, Field studies, Cross-Cultural Studies, Phenomenology, Grounded theory, Focus groups, Narratives, Case studies, Ethnography<\/li>\n
- Statistics in Psychology: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion. Normal Probability Curve. Parametric [t-test] and Non-parametric tests [Sign Test, Wilcoxon Signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman]. Power analysis. Effect size.<\/li>\n
- Correlational Analysis: Correlation [Product Moment, Rank Order], Partial correlation, multiple correlation.<\/li>\n
- Special Correlation Methods: Biserial, Point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient.<\/li>\n
- Regression: Simple linear regression, Multiple regression.<\/li>\n
- Factor analysis: Assumptions, Methods, Rotation and Interpretation.<\/li>\n
- Experimental Designs: ANOVA [One-way, Factorial], Randomized Block Designs, Repeated Measures Design, Latin Square, Cohort studies, Time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Psychological testing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Types of tests<\/li>\n
- Test construction: Item writing, item analysis<\/li>\n
- Test standardization: Reliability, validity and Norms<\/li>\n
- Areas of testing: Intelligence, creativity, neuropsychological tests, aptitude, Personality assessment, interest inventories<\/li>\n
- Attitude scales \u2013 Semantic differential, Staples, Likert scale.<\/li>\n
- Computer-based psychological testing<\/li>\n
- Applications of psychological testing in various settings: Clinical, Organizational and business, Education, Counseling, Military. Career guidance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Biological basis of behavior<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Sensory systems: General and specific sensations, receptors, and processes<\/li>\n
- Neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters.<\/li>\n
- The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems \u2013 Structure and functions. Neuroplasticity.<\/li>\n
- Methods of Physiological Psychology: Invasive methods \u2013 Anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies. Non-invasive methods \u2013 EEG, Scanning methods.<\/li>\n
- Muscular and Glandular system: Types and functions<\/li>\n
- Biological basis of Motivation: Hunger, Thirst, Sleep, and Sex.<\/li>\n
- Biological basis of emotion: The Limbic system, Hormonal regulation of behavior.<\/li>\n
- Genetics and behavior: Chromosomal anomalies; Nature-Nurture controversy [Twin studies and adoption studies]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Attention, Perception, Learning, Memory, and Forgetting<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Attention: Forms of attention, Models of attention<\/li>\n
- Perception:<\/li>\n
- Approaches to the Study of Perception: Gestalt and physiological approaches<\/li>\n
- Perceptual Organization: Gestalt, Figure and Ground, Law of Organization<\/li>\n
- Perceptual Constancy: Size, Shape, and Color; Illusions<\/li>\n
- Perception of Form, Depth, and Movement<\/li>\n
- Role of motivation and learning in perception<\/li>\n
- Signal detection theory: Assumptions and applications<\/li>\n
- Subliminal perception and related factors, information processing approach to perception, culture and perception, perceptual styles, Pattern recognition, Ecological perspective on perception.<\/li>\n
- Learning Process:<\/li>\n
- Fundamental theories: Thorndike, Guthrie, Hull<\/li>\n
- Classical Conditioning: Procedure, phenomena and related issues<\/li>\n
- Instrumental learning: Phenomena, Paradigms and theoretical issues; Reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules; Behaviour modification and its applications<\/li>\n
- Cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning.<\/li>\n
- Verbal learning and Discrimination learning<\/li>\n
- Recent trends in learning: Neurophysiology of learning<\/li>\n
- Memory and Forgetting<\/li>\n
- Memory processes: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval<\/li>\n
- Stages of memory: Sensory memory, Short-term memory (Working memory), Long-term Memory (Declarative \u2013 Episodic and Semantic; Procedural)<\/li>\n
- Theories of Forgetting: Interference, Retrieval Failure, Decay, Motivated forgetting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Theoretical perspectives on thought processes: Associationism, Gestalt, Information processing, Feature integration model<\/li>\n
- Concept formation: Rules, Types, and Strategies; Role of concepts in thinking Types of Reasoning<\/li>\n
- Language and thought<\/li>\n
- Problem solving: Type, Strategies, and Obstacles<\/li>\n
- Decision-making: Types and models<\/li>\n
- Metacognition: Metacognitive knowledge and Metacognitive regulation<\/li>\n
- Intelligence: Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg; Goleman; Das, Kar & Parrila<\/li>\n
- Creativity: Torrance, Getzels & Jackson, Guilford, Wallach & Kogan<\/li>\n
- Relationship between Intelligence and Creativity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Personality, Motivation, emotion, stress and coping<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural<\/li>\n
- Approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytical, Neo-Freudian, Social learning, Trait and Type, Cognitive, Humanistic, Existential, Transpersonal psychology.<\/li>\n
- Other theories: Rotter\u2019s Locus of Control, Seligman\u2019s Explanatory styles, Kohlberg\u2019s theory of Moral development.<\/li>\n
- Basic motivational concepts: Instincts, Needs, Drives, Arousal, Incentives, Motivational Cycle.<\/li>\n
- Approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, Ethological, S-R Cognitive, Humanistic<\/li>\n
- Exploratory behavior and curiosity<\/li>\n
- Zuckerman\u2019s Sensation seeking<\/li>\n
- Achievement, Affiliation, and Power<\/li>\n
- Motivational Competence<\/li>\n
- Self-regulation<\/li>\n
- Flow<\/li>\n
- Emotions: Physiological correlates<\/li>\n
- Theories of emotions: James-Lange, Canon-Bard, Schachter and Singer, Lazarus, Lindsley.<\/li>\n
- Emotion regulation<\/li>\n
- Conflicts: Sources and types<\/li>\n
- Stress and Coping: Concept, Models, Type A, B, C, D behaviors, Stress management strategies [Biofeedback, Music therapy, Breathing exercises, Progressive Muscular Relaxation, Guided Imagery, Mindfulness, Meditation, Yogasana, Stress Inoculation Training].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Social Psychology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Nature, scope, and history of social psychology<\/li>\n
- Traditional theoretical perspectives: Field theory, Cognitive Dissonance, Sociobiology, Psychodynamic Approaches, Social Cognition.<\/li>\n
- Social perception [Communication, Attributions]; attitude and its change within a cultural context; prosocial behavior<\/li>\n
- Group and Social influence [Social Facilitation; Social loafing]; Social influence [Conformity, Peer Pressure, Persuasion, Compliance, Obedience, Social Power, Reactance]. Aggression. Group dynamics, leadership style, and effectiveness. Theories of intergroup relations [Minimal Group Experiment and Social Identity Theory, Relative Deprivation Theory, Realistic Conflict Theory, Balance Theories, Equity Theory, Social Exchange Theory]<\/li>\n
- Applied social psychology: Health, Environment, and Law; Personal space, crowding, and territoriality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Human Development and Interventions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Developmental processes: Nature, Principles, Factors in development, Stages of Development. Successful aging.<\/li>\n
- Theories of development: Psychoanalytical, Behavioristic, and Cognitive<\/li>\n
- Various aspects of development: Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social, and moral.<\/li>\n
- Psychopathology: Concept, Mental Status Examination, Classification, Causes<\/li>\n
- Psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis, Person-centered, Gestalt, Existential, Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Behavior therapy, REBT, CBT, MBCT, Play therapy, Positive psychotherapy, Transactional Analysis, Dialectic behavior therapy, Art therapy, Performing Art Therapy, Family therapy.<\/li>\n
- Applications of theories of motivation and learning in School<\/li>\n
- Factors in educational achievement<\/li>\n
- Teacher effectiveness<\/li>\n
- Guidance in schools: Needs, organizational setup and techniques<\/li>\n
- Counseling: Process, skills, and techniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Emerging Areas<\/strong><\/p>\n
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