{"id":48272,"date":"2023-08-21T07:09:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T01:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/?p=48272"},"modified":"2024-11-21T10:29:28","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T04:59:28","slug":"ugc-net-commerce-exam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/","title":{"rendered":"UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024: Syllabus, Study Material, &#038; Preparation Tips"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-size: inherit; text-align: justify; background-color: initial;\"><strong>UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024-25:<\/strong> If you have completed your postgraduate studies in commerce and want to pursue a career in this area, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-exam\/\">UGC NET 2024 Exam<\/a> is the right choice for you. If you decide to make a career in such areas, you must know everything there is to know about this test.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a style=\"font-size: inherit;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/list-of-ugc-net-subjects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">List of UGC NET Subjects<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We have given the best ways to prepare for the UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024, as well as exam info, in this article.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_47_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-69d290742150d\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69d290742150d\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-visibility-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-net-commerce-exam-2024-eligibility-criteria\" title=\"UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024 Eligibility Criteria\">UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024 Eligibility Criteria<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#educational-qualification-for-commerce-net-exam-2024\" title=\"Educational Qualification for Commerce NET Exam 2024\">Educational Qualification for Commerce NET Exam 2024<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-net-commerce-exam-age-limit-2024\" title=\"UGC NET Commerce Exam Age Limit 2024\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Age Limit 2024<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-net-commerce-exam-pattern\" title=\"UGC NET Commerce Exam Pattern\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Pattern<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-syllabus-for-commerce-2024-exam\" title=\"UGC Syllabus for Commerce 2024 Exam\">UGC Syllabus for Commerce 2024 Exam<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-1-business-environment-and-international-business\" title=\"Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business\">Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-2-accounting-and-auditing\" title=\"Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing\">Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-3-business-economics\" title=\"Unit 3: Business Economics\">Unit 3: Business Economics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-4-business-finance\" title=\"Unit 4: Business Finance\">Unit 4: Business Finance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-5-business-statistics-and-research-methods\" title=\"Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods\">Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-6-business-management-and-human-resource-management\" title=\"Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management\">Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-7-banking-and-financial-institutions\" title=\"Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions\">Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-8-marketing-management\" title=\"Unit 8: Marketing Management\">Unit 8: Marketing Management<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-9-legal-aspects-of-business\" title=\"Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business\">Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#unit-10-net-commerce-income-tax-and-corporate-tax-planning\" title=\"Unit 10: NET Commerce Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning\">Unit 10: NET Commerce Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-net-commerce-study-material-pdf\" title=\"UGC NET Commerce Study Material PDF\u00a0\">UGC NET Commerce Study Material PDF\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-commerce-previous-year-question-paper\" title=\"UGC Commerce Previous Year Question Paper\">UGC Commerce Previous Year Question Paper<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#best-books-for-ugc-net-commerce-exam-2024\" title=\"Best Books For UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024\">Best Books For UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-net-commerce-mock-test\" title=\"UGC NET Commerce Mock test\">UGC NET Commerce Mock test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-net-commerce-exam-cut-off-marks\" title=\"UGC NET Commerce Exam Cut-Off Marks\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Cut-Off Marks<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#other-important-subjects-for-ugc-net-exam\" title=\"Other Important Subjects For UGC NET Exam\">Other Important Subjects For UGC NET Exam<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#ugc-net-commerce-exam-preparation-tips\" title=\"UGC NET Commerce Exam Preparation Tips\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Preparation Tips<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#faqs-ugc-net-commerce-exam-2024\" title=\"FAQs: UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024\">FAQs: UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#which-are-the-most-recommended-books-for-ugc-net-commerce-exam\" title=\"Which are the most recommended books for UGC NET Commerce Exam?\">Which are the most recommended books for UGC NET Commerce Exam?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#what-is-the-difficulty-level-of-the-ugc-net-commerce-exam-last-year\" title=\"What is the difficulty level of the UGC NET Commerce Exam last year?\">What is the difficulty level of the UGC NET Commerce Exam last year?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#is-it-possible-to-prepare-for-the-ugc-net-commerce-exam-without-taking-any-coaching\" title=\"Is it possible to prepare for the UGC NET Commerce Exam without taking any coaching?\">Is it possible to prepare for the UGC NET Commerce Exam without taking any coaching?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/#where-can-i-check-nta-net-2024-commerce-syllabus\" title=\"Where can I check NTA NET 2024 Commerce syllabus?\">Where can I check NTA NET 2024 Commerce syllabus?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-net-commerce-exam-2024-eligibility-criteria\"><\/span><strong>UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024 Eligibility Criteria<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you are certain that you want to pass the exam, you must first review the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-eligibility-criteria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Eligibility Criteria<\/a><\/strong> to see if you are qualified to apply for the Commerce exam or not. You must be curious about the determining factors and that\u2019s quite normal. Let\u2019s take a look:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"educational-qualification-for-commerce-net-exam-2024\"><\/span><strong>Educational Qualification for Commerce NET Exam 2024<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A student has to complete his or her Post-Graduation in Commerce, Finance, Economics, Business Services, Accountancy, or another equivalent subject.<\/li>\n<li>The candidates belonging to General Category have to secure 55% in commerce or equivalent subject and for ST\/SC\/OBC\/PWD\/Transgenders the percentage criteria are 50%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-net-commerce-exam-age-limit-2024\"><\/span><strong>UGC NET Commerce Exam Age Limit 2024<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>For JRF \u2013 30 Years for the General Category &amp; Up to 5 Years of Age Relaxation in Other Categories.<\/li>\n<li>For Lectureship \u2013 No Upper Age Limit for NET Exam 2024 Commerce<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-net-commerce-exam-pattern\"><\/span><strong>UGC NET Commerce Exam Pattern<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Check out the table below for a quick overview of the NTA NET Commerce paper pattern:<\/p>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Paper<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Marks<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Number of Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Duration<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>I<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50 Questions all are compulsory<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u00a03 Hours<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>II<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>100 Questions all are compulsory<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-exam-pattern\/\"><strong>Check Complete UGC NET 2024 Exam Pattern<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-syllabus-for-commerce-2024-exam\"><\/span><strong>UGC Syllabus for Commerce 2024 Exam<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For your upcoming exam, you must go through the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UGC NET <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-syllabus\/\">Syllabus<\/a> <\/strong>for\u00a0Commerce. Don\u2019t miss out on anything.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-paper-1-syllabus\/\"><strong>Download UGC NET Commerce Paper 1 Syllabus PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here is the UGC NET Commerce Exam Syllabus for Paper 2-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 3: Business Economics<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 4: Business Finance<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 8: Marketing Management<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unit 10: NET Commerce Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-1-business-environment-and-international-business\"><\/span><strong>Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)<\/li>\n<li>Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business<\/li>\n<li>Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India\u2019s foreign trade policy<\/li>\n<li>Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs, and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India\u2019s FDI policy<\/li>\n<li>Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of the BOP<\/li>\n<li>Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA<\/li>\n<li>International Economic Institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD<\/li>\n<li>World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-2-accounting-and-auditing\"><\/span><strong>Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates<\/li>\n<li>Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution, and Insolvency of partnership firms<\/li>\n<li>Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture, and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, and reconstruction of companies<\/li>\n<li>Holding company accounts<\/li>\n<li>Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing, and JIT<\/li>\n<li>Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis<\/li>\n<li>Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting<\/li>\n<li>Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS<\/li>\n<li>Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit<\/li>\n<li>Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-3-business-economics\"><\/span><strong>Unit 3: Business Economics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Meaning and scope of business economics<\/li>\n<li>Objectives of business firms<\/li>\n<li>Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR<\/li>\n<li>Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis<\/li>\n<li>Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale<\/li>\n<li>Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves<\/li>\n<li>Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination<\/li>\n<li>Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak-load pricing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-4-business-finance\"><\/span><strong>Unit 4: Business Finance<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing<\/li>\n<li>Cost of capital and time value of money<\/li>\n<li>Capital structure<\/li>\n<li>Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis<\/li>\n<li>Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and Policies<\/li>\n<li>Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization<\/li>\n<li>International monetary system<\/li>\n<li>Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques<\/li>\n<li>International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs<\/li>\n<li>International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-5-business-statistics-and-research-methods\"><\/span><strong>Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Measures of central tendency<\/li>\n<li>Measures of dispersion<\/li>\n<li>Measures of skewness<\/li>\n<li>Correlation and regression of two variables<\/li>\n<li>Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes\u2019 theorem<\/li>\n<li>Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions<\/li>\n<li>Research: Concept and types; Research designs<\/li>\n<li>Data: Collection and classification of data<\/li>\n<li>Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling \u2013 probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation<\/li>\n<li>Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test<\/li>\n<li>Report writing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-6-business-management-and-human-resource-management\"><\/span><strong>Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Principles and functions of management<\/li>\n<li>Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control<\/li>\n<li>Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization<\/li>\n<li>Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories<\/li>\n<li>Corporate governance and business ethics<\/li>\n<li>Human resource management: Concept, role, and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning<\/li>\n<li>Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits<\/li>\n<li>Performance appraisal including 360-degree performance appraisal<\/li>\n<li>Collective bargaining and workers\u2019 participation in management<\/li>\n<li>Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and Politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management<\/li>\n<li>Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-7-banking-and-financial-institutions\"><\/span><strong>Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Overview of the Indian financial system<\/li>\n<li>Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks<\/li>\n<li>Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management<\/li>\n<li>Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management<\/li>\n<li>Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market<\/li>\n<li>Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds<\/li>\n<li>Financial Regulators in India<\/li>\n<li>Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion<\/li>\n<li>Digitization of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems<\/li>\n<li>Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-8-marketing-management\"><\/span><strong>Unit 8: Marketing Management<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting, and positioning<\/li>\n<li>Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development<\/li>\n<li>Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies<\/li>\n<li>Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods \u2013 Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix<\/li>\n<li>Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management<\/li>\n<li>Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions<\/li>\n<li>Service marketing<\/li>\n<li>Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM<\/li>\n<li>Logistics management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-9-legal-aspects-of-business\"><\/span><strong>Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi-contracts;<\/li>\n<li>Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency<\/li>\n<li>Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of the buyer<\/li>\n<li>Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments<\/li>\n<li>The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings, and winding up of a joint-stock company<\/li>\n<li>Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India<\/li>\n<li>The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions<\/li>\n<li>The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cybercrimes and penalties<\/li>\n<li>The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions<\/li>\n<li>Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs): Patents, trademarks, and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property<\/li>\n<li>Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-10-net-commerce-income-tax-and-corporate-tax-planning\"><\/span><strong>Unit 10: NET Commerce Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes<\/li>\n<li>International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing<\/li>\n<li>Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations<\/li>\n<li>Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income tax returns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-net-commerce-study-material-pdf\"><\/span><strong>UGC NET Commerce Study Material PDF\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It is important to begin your Commerce Exam preparation with high-quality <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-study-materials\/\"><strong>UGC NET study materials<\/strong><\/a>. It will assist you in rapidly learning and comprehending the fundamental concepts. We recommend that you review and download our free UGC NET Commerce Exam study materials, which will assist you in your preparation\u2013<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/UGC-NET-Paper-2-Commerce\/Study-Materials\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Study Materials<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sample Papers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/UGC-NET-Paper-2-Commerce\/Sample-Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Sample Papers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Question Bank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/UGC-NET-Paper-2-Commerce\/Question-Bank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Question Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/UGC-NET-Commerce-Preparation\">UGC NET Commerce Notes PDF Free Download<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-commerce-previous-year-question-paper\"><\/span><strong>UGC Commerce Previous Year Question Paper<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Besides looking for the <strong>best study material for UGC NET Commerce 2024 Exam <\/strong>please take some time out for the previous year&#8217;s question paper. You will have an idea of the probable questions for the upcoming exam while analyzing the pattern of the appeared questions.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>You can check the previous year&#8217;s commerce paper here- <a title=\"Previous Year Papers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/UGC-NET-Paper-2-Commerce\/Previous-Year-Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UGC NET Commerce Exam Question Paper<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Write it down in your notebook and see if it\u2019s correct. This is believed to be one of the best ways to prepare for your UGC Commerce exam.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"best-books-for-ugc-net-commerce-exam-2024\"><\/span><strong>Best Books For UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When you are visiting a bookstore or buying a book online try to ask all relevant questions. Is this book considered to be one of the <strong>best books for UGC NET Commerce 2024?\u00a0 <\/strong>How many experts have recommended this book? Is it written in a language that is easier to understand? How much clarity it has?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You can also refer to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-books\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Books<\/a><\/strong> for Commerce Exam from the below link:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/UGC-NET-Paper-2-Commerce\/Textbook\"><strong>Download UGC NET Commerce Exam Books Free PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-net-commerce-mock-test\"><\/span><strong>UGC NET Commerce Mock test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You still have some time to prepare for your NET Commerce UGC Exam 2024 and the best way to utilize your time is by appearing for Commerce NET UGC mock tests.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-mock-test-series\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Mock test<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Through mock tests, a student can work on his weak areas. He or she can easily convert his weakness into his strength and that is the reason why it is necessary to sit for mock tests.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-net-commerce-exam-cut-off-marks\"><\/span><strong>UGC NET Commerce Exam Cut-Off Marks<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Go through the UGC NET Commerce Paper 2023 cut-off from the table below (official) to get an idea for this year.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Category<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p><strong>JRF &amp; Assistant Professor<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p><strong>Assistant Professor Only<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p><strong>Cutoff Marks Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p><strong>Cutoff Marks Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>UNRESERVED<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>99.35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>461<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>95.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>3256<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>EWS<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>98.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>76<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>85.21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>918<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>OBC(NCL)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>96.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>336<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>88.32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>1347<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>SC<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>92.09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>139<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>72.68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>1007<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>ST<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>89.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>67.71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<p>362<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-cut-off\/\"><strong>Get A Complete Guide on UGC NET Cut Off<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"other-important-subjects-for-ugc-net-exam\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px; background-color: initial;\">Other Important Subjects For UGC NET Exam<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-orange\">\n<p>Click on the link to access other Subjects related to the <a href=\"https:\/\/nta.ac.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NTA<\/a> UGC NET exam.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-computer-science-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Computer Science<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-geography-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Geography<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-history-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET History<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-law-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Law<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-sociology-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Sociology<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-womens-studies-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Women&#8217;s Studies<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-home-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Home Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-kannada\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Kannada<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-yoga-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UGC NET Yoga<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ugc-net-commerce-exam-preparation-tips\"><\/span><strong>UGC NET Commerce Exam Preparation Tips<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We\u2019ve put together some helpful tips to help you prepare for the UGC NET 2024 Commerce exam. Hope that these tips will assist you in achieving successful exam results.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Examine the most recent exam trend and syllabus.<\/li>\n<li>Prepare a systematic timetable<\/li>\n<li>You can make a list of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-exam-dates\/\"><strong>UGC NET Important dates<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and activities so that you can review them at the last minute.<\/li>\n<li>Make use of the best Commerce<strong>\u00a0Books<\/strong> or<strong>\u00a0Study Materials<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Solve previous years\u2019 UGC NET papers to learn the exact paper pattern, labeling weightage, and exam difficulty level.<\/li>\n<li>Check your answers with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-answer-key\/\"><strong>UGC NET Answer Keys<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and analyze your results after completing solving the papers.<\/li>\n<li>As far as possible, solve the NET Mock Test Paper. It will help to improve your exam pace and accuracy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>We have covered the detailed guide on UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024. Feel free to ask us any questions in the comment section below.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"faqs-ugc-net-commerce-exam-2024\"><\/span><strong>FAQs: UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1620821874733\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which-are-the-most-recommended-books-for-ugc-net-commerce-exam\"><\/span>Which are the most recommended books for UGC NET Commerce Exam?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Go through the above blogs for the most recommended books for UGC NET 2024 Commerce.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1620821927929\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-is-the-difficulty-level-of-the-ugc-net-commerce-exam-last-year\"><\/span>What is the difficulty level of the UGC NET Commerce Exam last year?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The difficulty level of NTA NET Commerce was moderate to difficult.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1620821966926\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-it-possible-to-prepare-for-the-ugc-net-commerce-exam-without-taking-any-coaching\"><\/span>Is it possible to prepare for the UGC NET Commerce Exam without taking any coaching?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, you can prepare for the UGC NET Commerce Exam without coaching, but you will need high-quality study materials and guidance.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1620822005108\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"where-can-i-check-nta-net-2024-commerce-syllabus\"><\/span>Where can I check NTA NET 2024 Commerce syllabus?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You can download NTA NET 2024 Commerce syllabus from the above article.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024-25: If you have completed your postgraduate studies in commerce and want to pursue a career in this area, UGC NET 2024 Exam is the right choice for you. If you decide to make a career in such areas, you must know everything there is to know about this test. List &#8230; <a title=\"UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024: Syllabus, Study Material, &#038; Preparation Tips\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-commerce-exam\/\" aria-label=\"More on UGC NET Commerce Exam 2024: Syllabus, Study Material, &#038; Preparation Tips\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":238,"featured_media":332957,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":""},"categories":[2935,2923],"tags":[75233,75232,75173,3052,75230],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48272"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/238"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48272"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":573917,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48272\/revisions\/573917"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/332957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}