{"id":40864,"date":"2019-05-23T05:52:21","date_gmt":"2019-05-23T05:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/?p=40864"},"modified":"2021-09-27T17:58:47","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T12:28:47","slug":"ugc-net-environment-noise-pollution-study-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-environment-noise-pollution-study-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes for UGC NET 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_40879\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40879\" style=\"width: 1014px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-40879\" src=\"https:\/\/static.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Environment-and-Noise-Pollution-Study-Notes-for-UGC-NET-2019.jpg\" alt=\"Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes for UGC NET 2019\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Environment-and-Noise-Pollution-Study-Notes-for-UGC-NET-2019.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Environment-and-Noise-Pollution-Study-Notes-for-UGC-NET-2019-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Environment-and-Noise-Pollution-Study-Notes-for-UGC-NET-2019-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Environment-and-Noise-Pollution-Study-Notes-for-UGC-NET-2019-30x15.jpg 30w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40879\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes for UGC NET 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">UGC NET examination conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) is one of the topmost competitive examinations which is conducted for\u00a0candidates to become eligible for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and Assistant Professor. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-exam\/\"><strong>UGC NET Exam<\/strong><\/a> 2019 is scheduled from June 20, 2019. As the UGC NET syllabus is vast, preparation needs to be at high levels. Environment and Noise Pollution is one of the tough subjects in UGC NET Syllabus. To ease out candidates preparation in this subject, we are providing UGC NET Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes. Here is the detailed explanation of notes designed by a panel of experts. Go through the blog to know more about\u00a0Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_47_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-69e147f94fa5b\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69e147f94fa5b\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-visibility-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-environment-noise-pollution-study-notes\/#environment-and-noise-pollution-study-notes\" title=\"Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes\">Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-environment-noise-pollution-study-notes\/#air-pollution\" title=\"Air Pollution\">Air Pollution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-environment-noise-pollution-study-notes\/#noise-pollution\" title=\"Noise Pollution\">Noise Pollution<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"environment-and-noise-pollution-study-notes\"><\/span>Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Air and Noise Pollution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Developmental activities such as construction, transportation, and manufacturing not only deplete the natural resources but also produce a large number of wastes that lead to pollution of air, water, soil, and oceans; global warming and acid rains.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pollution &amp; Pollutants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Automobiles emit from their tailpipes oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and a complex mixture of unburnt hydrocarbons and black soot which pollute the atmosphere. Domestic sewage and run-off from agricultural fields, laden with pesticides and fertilizers, pollute water bodies. Effluents from tanneries contain many harmful chemicals and emit a foul smell.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Pollution may be defined as the addition of undesirable material into the environment as a result of human activities. The agents which cause environmental pollution are called pollutants.<\/li>\n<li>Pollutants may be defined as a physical, chemical or biological substance unintentionally released into the environment which is directly or indirectly harmful to humans and other living organisms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Types of Pollution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pollution may be of the following types<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Air pollution<\/li>\n<li>Noise pollution<\/li>\n<li>Water pollution<\/li>\n<li>Soil Pollution<\/li>\n<li>Thermal Pollution<\/li>\n<li>Radiation Pollution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"air-pollution\"><\/span>Air Pollution<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Air Pollution may be defined as the presence of any solid, liquid or gaseous substance including noise and radioactive radiation in the atmosphere in such concentration that may be directly and indirectly injurious to humans or other living organisms, plants, property or interferes with the normal ecological processes. Air Pollutants are of two types:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Suspended particulate matter, and<\/li>\n<li>gaseous pollutants like carbon dioxide (CO2), Nox, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Some of the major air pollutants, their sources and effects are given in the below table<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 206px;\" width=\"412\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Pollutant<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Sources<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Effects<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Suspended particulate<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Smoke from domestic, matter\/dust industrial and vehicular soot<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Reduces sunlight and visibility, increase corrosion, pneumoconiosis, asthma, cancer, and other lung diseases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Fly ash<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Part of smoke released from settles down on vegetarian, houses. Adds chimneys of factories and to the suspended participate matter (SPM) power plants.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 131.597px; text-align: center;\">Leachates contain harmful material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Particulate Pollutants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Particulate matter suspended in air is dust and soot released from the industrial chimneys. Their size ranges from 0.001 to 500 micrometer in diameter. Particles less than 10-micrometer float and move freely with the air current. Particles which are more than 10 micrometers in diameter settle down. Particles which are less than 0.02-micrometer form persistent aerosols. A major source of SPM are vehicles, power plants, construction activities, oil refinery, railway yard, market place, industries, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fly Ash<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fly ash is ejected mostly by the thermal power plants as by-products of coal burning operations. Fly ash pollutes air and water and may cause heavy metal pollution in water bodies. Fly ash affects vegetarian as a result of its direct deposition on leaf surfaces or indirectly through its deposition on the soil. Fly ash is now being used for making bricks and as landfill material.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Lead and other metals particles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Tetraethyl lead (TEL) is used as an anti-knock agent in petrol for a smooth and easy running of vehicles. The lead particles coming out from the exhaust pipes of vehicles is mixed with air.<\/li>\n<li>Lead mixed with water and food can create cumulative poisoning. It has long term effects on children as it lowers intelligence.<\/li>\n<li>Oxides of Iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, zinc, and other metals have an adverse effect due to deposition of dust on plants during mining operations and metallurgical processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gaseous Pollutants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Power plants, industries, different types of vehicles- both private and commercial use petrol, diesel as a fuel and release gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide along with particulate matter in the form of smoke. All of these have harmful effects on plants and humans.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gaseous air pollutants: their sources and effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-40877\" src=\"https:\/\/static.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/UGC-NET-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/UGC-NET-1.jpg 810w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/UGC-NET-1-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/UGC-NET-1-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/UGC-NET-1-30x19.jpg 30w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\"><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"noise-pollution\"><\/span>Noise Pollution<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>A musical clock may be nice to listen during the day, but maybe an irritant during sleep at night. Noise by definition is &#8216;sound without value&#8217; or &#8216;any noise that is unwanted by the recipient&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>Noise level is measured in terms of decibels (dB). W.H.O. (World Health Organization) has prescribed optimum noise level as 45 dB by day and 35 dB by night. Anything above 80 dB is hazardous.<\/li>\n<li>Noise in industries such as stone cutting and crushing, steel forgings, loudspeakers, shouting by hawkers selling their wares movement of heavy transport vehicles, railways and airports leads to irritation and an increased blood pressure, loss of temper, decrease in work efficiency, loss of hearing which may be first temporary but can become permanent in the noise stress continues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sources of some noises and their intensity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-40878\" src=\"https:\/\/static.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ugc-net-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"562\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ugc-net-2.jpg 816w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ugc-net-2-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ugc-net-2-768x273.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ugc-net-2-30x11.jpg 30w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sources of Noise Pollution<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Noise pollution is a growing problem. All human activities contribute to noise pollution to a varying extent. Sources of noise pollution are many and may be located indoors or outdoors.<\/li>\n<li>Indoor Sources include noise produced by radio, television. generators, electric fans, air coolers, air conditioners, different home appliances, and family conflict.<\/li>\n<li>Outdoor sources of noise pollution include indiscriminate use of loudspeakers, industrial activities, automobiles, rail traffic, airplanes and activities such as those at marketplace, religious, social, and cultural functions, sports and political rallies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Prevention and control of noise pollution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Following steps can be taken to control or minimize noise pollution:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Road traffic noise can be reduced by better designing and proper maintenance of vehicles.<\/li>\n<li>Noise abatement measures include creating noise mounds, noise attenuation walls and well-maintained roads and smooth surfacing of roads.<\/li>\n<li>Retrofitting of locomotives, continuously welded rail track, use of electric locomotives or deployment of quieter rolling stock will reduce noises emanating from trains.<\/li>\n<li>Air traffic noise can be reduced by appropriate insulation and introduction of noise regulations for take-off and landing of aircraft at the airport.<\/li>\n<li>Industrial noises can be reduced by soundproofing equipment like generators and areas producing a lot of noise.<\/li>\n<li>A green belt of trees is an efficient noise absorber.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thus, candidates who are appearing for the upcoming UGC NET Exam, are suggested to go through the Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes to score more. Also, ensure that you refer to the best <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/UGC-NET\/Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UGC NET Preparation Books<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[related_books catid=&#8221;533&#8243; product_type=&#8221;ebook&#8221; algo=&#8221;Latest&#8221;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UGC NET examination conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) is one of the topmost competitive examinations which is conducted for\u00a0candidates to become eligible for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and Assistant Professor. The UGC NET Exam 2019 is scheduled from June 20, 2019. As the UGC NET syllabus is vast, preparation needs to be at &#8230; <a title=\"Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes for UGC NET 2019\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ugc-net-environment-noise-pollution-study-notes\/\" aria-label=\"More on Environment and Noise Pollution Study Notes for UGC NET 2019\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":""},"categories":[1,2923,4773,3187,2935],"tags":[3228,3353,3651,3052],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40864"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40864"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40864\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132179,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40864\/revisions\/132179"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}