Section-C<\/p>\n
Organic Chemistry<\/p>\n
UNIT 19: Purification and\u00a0Characterization\u00a0of Organic Compounds Purification \u2013 Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography \u2013 principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis \u2013 Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) \u2013 Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis. UNIT 20: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules \u2013 hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: \u2013 C = C \u2013 , \u2013 C ? C \u2013 and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; Homologous series; Isomerism \u2013 structural and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC) Covalent bond fission \u2013 Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond \u2013 Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions \u2013 Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement. UNIT 21: Hydrocarbons Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions. Alkanes \u2013 Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes. Alkenes \u2013 Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff\u2019s and peroxide effect); Ozonolysis, oxidation, and polymerization. Alkynes \u2013 Acidic character; Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; Polymerization. Aromatic hydrocarbons \u2013 Nomenclature, benzene \u2013 structure and aromaticity; Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel \u2013 Craft\u2019s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene. UNIT 22: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens General methods of preparation, properties and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons and DDT. UNIT 23: Organic compounds containing Oxygen General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer \u2013 Tiemann reaction. Ethers: Structure. Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as \u2013 Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of ? \u2013 hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Acidic strength and factors affecting it. UNIT 24: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character. Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry. UNIT 25: Polymers General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization \u2013 addition and condensation, copolymerization; Natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization; some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses \u2013 polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite. UNIT 26: Bio Molecules General introduction and importance of biomolecules. CARBOHYDRATES \u2013 Classification: aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), constituent monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) and polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen). PROTEINS \u2013 Elementary Idea of ? \u2013 amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. VITAMINS \u2013 Classification and functions. NUCLEIC ACIDS \u2013 Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids. UNIT 27: Chemistry in everyday life Chemicals in medicines – Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins \u2013 their meaning and common examples. Chemicals in food \u2013 Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents \u2013 common examples. Cleansing agents \u2013 Soaps and detergents, cleansing action. UNIT 28: Principles related to practical Chemistry Detection of extra elements (N,S, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl and amino groups in organic compounds. \u2022 Chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds: Mohr\u2019s salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. \u2022 Chemistry involved in the titrimetric excercises \u2013 Acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr\u2019s salt vs KMnO4. \u2022 Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations \u2013 Pb2+ , Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+. Anions- CO32-, S2-, SO42-, NO2-, NO3-, CI-, Br, I. (Insoluble salts excluded). \u2022 Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: 1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4 2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. . 3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols. 4. Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Section-C Organic Chemistry UNIT 19: Purification and\u00a0Characterization\u00a0of Organic Compounds Purification \u2013 Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography \u2013 principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis \u2013 Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) \u2013 Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; Numerical … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[26],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":114535,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18\/revisions\/114535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}