{"id":115424,"date":"2021-08-16T18:57:31","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T13:27:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/?p=115424"},"modified":"2021-11-02T09:40:26","modified_gmt":"2021-11-02T04:10:26","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4 (Updated for 2021-22)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-115599 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-History-Chapter-4.jpg\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-History-Chapter-4.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-History-Chapter-4-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4<\/strong>: With clear step-by-step explanations, The Central Islamic Lands are offered here. These History Theme 4: The Central Islamic Lands Solutions are incredibly popular among Class 11 Humanities students for fast finishing homework and preparing for exams. All <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/cbse-class-11-history-ncert-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Solutions for class 11 History<\/a> are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Every student must begin to prepare their study ethic to do well in school, which is why the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4 is of dire importance.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_47_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-69d22c330c541\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69d22c330c541\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-visibility-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#access-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\" title=\"Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4\">Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#1what-were-the-features-of-the-lives-of-the-bedouins-in-the-early-seventh-century\" title=\"1.What were the features of the lives of the Bedouins in the early seventh century?\">1.What were the features of the lives of the Bedouins in the early seventh century?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#2what-is-meant-by-the-term-%e2%80%98abbasid-revolution%e2%80%99\" title=\"2.What is meant by the term \u2018Abbasid revolution\u2019?\">2.What is meant by the term \u2018Abbasid revolution\u2019?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#3give-examples-of-the-cosmopolitan-character-of-the-states-set-up-by-arabs-iranians-and-turks\" title=\"3.Give examples of the cosmopolitan character of the states set up by Arabs, Iranians and Turks.\">3.Give examples of the cosmopolitan character of the states set up by Arabs, Iranians and Turks.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#-4what-were-the-effects-of-the-crusades-on-europe-and-asia\" title=\"\u00a04.What were the effects of the Crusades on Europe and Asia?\">\u00a04.What were the effects of the Crusades on Europe and Asia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#5how-were-islamic-architectural-forms-different-from-those-of-the-roman-empire\" title=\" 5.How were Islamic architectural forms different from those of the Roman Empire?\"> 5.How were Islamic architectural forms different from those of the Roman Empire?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#islamic-architectural-forms\" title=\" Islamic Architectural Forms\"> Islamic Architectural Forms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#%e2%80%a2-hypostyle-mosque\" title=\"\u2022 Hypostyle mosque:\">\u2022 Hypostyle mosque:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#%e2%80%a2-four-iwan-mosque\" title=\"\u2022 Four-iwan mosque:\">\u2022 Four-iwan mosque:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#%e2%80%a2-centrally-planned-mosque\" title=\"\u2022 Centrally planned mosque:\">\u2022 Centrally planned mosque:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#roman-architectural-forms\" title=\"Roman Architectural Forms\">Roman Architectural Forms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#%e2%80%a2-doric-style\" title=\"\u2022 Doric style:\">\u2022 Doric style:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#%e2%80%a2-ionic-style\" title=\"\u2022 Ionic style:\">\u2022 Ionic style:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#%e2%80%a2-corinthian-style\" title=\"\u2022 Corinthian style:\">\u2022 Corinthian style:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#-6describe-a-journey-from-samarqand-to-damascus-referring-to-the-cities-on-the-route\" title=\" \u00a06.Describe a journey from Samarqand to Damascus, referring to the cities on the route.\"> \u00a06.Describe a journey from Samarqand to Damascus, referring to the cities on the route.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#faq-on-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\" title=\"FAQ on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4\">FAQ on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#describe-the-consequences-of-crusades-conducted-by-christians-and-muslims-during-the-period-between-1095-and-1291\" title=\"Describe the consequences of crusades conducted by Christians and Muslims during the period between 1095 and 1291.\">Describe the consequences of crusades conducted by Christians and Muslims during the period between 1095 and 1291.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#discuss-the-causes-of-the-fall-of-the-caliphate\" title=\"Discuss the causes of the fall of the Caliphate?\">Discuss the causes of the fall of the Caliphate?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#where-can-i-find-the-study-material-for-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\" title=\"Where can I find the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4?\">Where can I find the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/#can-i-download-the-study-material-for-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4-free-of-cost\" title=\"Can I download the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4 free of cost?\">Can I download the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4 free of cost?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"access-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\"><\/span>Access NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1what-were-the-features-of-the-lives-of-the-bedouins-in-the-early-seventh-century\"><\/span>1.What were the features of the lives of the Bedouins in the early seventh century?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The word \u2018Bedouin\u2019 has been derived from the Arabic word &#8216;Badawiyin&#8217;, which means \u2018a desert dweller\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, the nomadic tribes of the desert regions of the Middle East are referred to as Bedouins. Some important features of the lives of the Bedouins are given below.<\/p>\n<p>1. The Bedouins were basically herders moving from one place to another in search of fodder for their camels and food for their own survival.<\/p>\n<p>2. The ancient Bedouins were polytheistic. In other words, they worshiped many gods. There are references to the practice of animism too.<\/p>\n<p>3. The Bedouins socially organised themselves around tribes. The spirit of egalitarianism was sustained within the tribes. However, wars within the tribes were frequent. These frequent wars created chaos and anarchy in the deserts.<\/p>\n<p>4. In the 7th century, members of the Bedouin tribe influenced by the achievements of Muhammad and his vision of solidarity started accepting Islam.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2what-is-meant-by-the-term-%e2%80%98abbasid-revolution%e2%80%99\"><\/span>2.What is meant by the term \u2018Abbasid revolution\u2019?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><br \/>The Abbasid Revolution was the first major military political upheaval in the Muslim world. This revolution was led by the Abbasid dynasty against the Umayyad dynasty in 750 AD. The main reasons that led to the revolution are:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Promises made by the Abbasids to restore the Tawhidic civilization as formulated by the founder of Islam Muhammad<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The extreme desire to end all oppressions of the dissident groups like those inflicted by the Umayyads<\/p>\n<p>Such an image of different Arabs as portrayed by the Abbasids helped them to win huge support of the masses. To make such promises a reality, a revolution under the Abbasid leader Abu Muslim was raised in 747 AD. The revolution reached its climax in the war of Zab (750 AD), which gave the final blow to the Umayyad hegemony. This revolution sealed the fate of the Umayyads in the Arab region and paved the way for the dissemination of Iranian culture.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3give-examples-of-the-cosmopolitan-character-of-the-states-set-up-by-arabs-iranians-and-turks\"><\/span>3.Give examples of the cosmopolitan character of the states set up by Arabs, Iranians and Turks.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The word \u2018cosmopolitan\u2019 implies a characteristic that ensures familiarity with different countries and cultures. A country or state is referred to as cosmopolitan if it comprises multi-cultural demographics. The following points describe how the states under the control of Arabs, Iranians and Turks reflected a cosmopolitan character:<\/p>\n<p>1) The Arabs brought the states of Syria, Iraq, Iran and Egypt under their control. This helped the Arabs to get exposed to the cultures of different countries. Although the majority of the people were followers of Islam, Christians, Zoroastrians, Jews, Bedouins etc. were also assimilated in the society.<\/p>\n<p>They were provided autonomy to conduct their communal affairs and granted the right to property and the right to religion on the payment of taxes like jizya and kharaj. People of different cultures were also given the opportunity to participate in the administrative machinery. For example, Bedouins served as soldiers to the Ummayad caliph. There is also evidence of Christian advisors in the administration, Zoroastrian scribes and bureaucrats.<\/p>\n<p>2) The Iranians under the Abbasid dynasty also showcased the spirit of cosmopolitanism in the true sense. For the first time, caliphal status was claimed by local dynasties other than the Islamic dynasties of Spain, North America, etc. The Abbasids made their influence-base truly international, which was no longer determined by the Arab nationality; it rather got extended to the community of believers. Their cosmopolitan approach is understood from the acceptance of the Persian tradition of governance. Government services were open to non-Arabic-speaking population.<\/p>\n<p>3) The Turks successfully created a hybrid civilization. Their idea of cosmopolitanism was based on the Islamic principles of humanism and tolerance. The Turks established themselves as the saviours and protectors of the people who had an experience of subjugation under other regimes. Under the reign of the Turks, the Persians, the Arabs, the Christians and the Jews lived peacefully.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"-4what-were-the-effects-of-the-crusades-on-europe-and-asia\"><\/span>\u00a04.What were the effects of the Crusades on Europe and Asia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Crusades had a bitter impact on the Muslim-Christian relations. The horrors of wars forced the Muslims to constrain all ties with the Christians. The need to protect the areas inhabited by mixed populations compelled the Muslims to further act more strictly with the Christians.<br \/>Apart from violence and terror, the Crusades had some positive impacts too. The Crusades gave a huge boost to commerce. The long-drawn-out wars created a constant need for the transportation of men and goods from the East to the West and vice versa. Goods from Damascus, Alexandria and Cairo flowed into the sea ports of Italy to be further shipped to Europe.<\/p>\n<p>The trading activities helped in increasing the influence of the Italian mercantile class on international trade. Thus, we can say that the Crusades had diverse effects on both Asia and Europe.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5how-were-islamic-architectural-forms-different-from-those-of-the-roman-empire\"><\/span><br \/>5.How were Islamic architectural forms different from those of the Roman Empire?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"islamic-architectural-forms\"><\/span><br \/>Islamic Architectural Forms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>All buildings used for Islamic worship, instruction and commemoration form a part of the Islamic architecture. The three most important forms of the Islamic architecture are the hypostyle mosque, the four-iwan mosque and the centrally planned mosque. Let\u2019s discuss each of them.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a2-hypostyle-mosque\"><\/span>\u2022 Hypostyle mosque:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The basic unit of the hypostyle mosque was the bay. The bay is an area covered by four columns. In a hypostyle, the bay could be expanded so as allow the mosque to grow along. This enabled the growing community to find space for prayers. These mosques had an inner courtyard surrounded by riwaqs or arcades on three sides. The courtyards usually had a fountain to conduct wudu. Minarets also made their appearance in mosques in this form. The most famous hypostyle mosque is the Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a2-four-iwan-mosque\"><\/span>\u2022 Four-iwan mosque:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The four-iwan style of mosques developed in the 11th century. Iwan was a vaulted space opening on one side of the courtyard. Of all the iwans, the principle one was well decorated. This style was highly influenced by the Persian architecture. The Masjid-i-Jami at Isfahan is an important example of the four-iwan mosque form.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a2-centrally-planned-mosque\"><\/span>\u2022 Centrally planned mosque:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This form of mosque was popular among the Ottomans. The earliest example of this form was the mosque built by the Ottomans by converting the Byzantine Church of Hagia Sophia. This mosque became the prototype for several other mosques built by the Ottomans in the times to come. These mosques usually had large spherical domes and four distinct minarets. The Selimiye Cami in Edime is an example of the centrally planned mosque.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"roman-architectural-forms\"><\/span>Roman Architectural Forms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><br \/>Romans were great builders. They introduced several new building methods and techniques that replaced the previously used techniques of post and lintel. Roman builders introduced the use arches and columns. On the basis of the types of columns used, Roman buildings can be classified into three main forms: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. Let\u2019s discuss each of them.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a2-doric-style\"><\/span>\u2022 Doric style:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Doric columns are the simplest of all forms of columns. They have a circle-shaped capital at the top and a square at the top of that. The Doric form does not have any base. The Parthenon of Athens belongs to this order.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a2-ionic-style\"><\/span>\u2022 Ionic style:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Ionic style is more graceful but less imposing compared to the Doric style. This form has a more ornamented capital and a slender and fluted shaft. The Colosseum in Rome has the Ionic style of columns.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a2-corinthian-style\"><\/span>\u2022 Corinthian style:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This style of columns is often referred to as the king of all columns. The bell-shaped capital with acanthus leaf motifs makes these columns highly elegant.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"-6describe-a-journey-from-samarqand-to-damascus-referring-to-the-cities-on-the-route\"><\/span><br \/>\u00a06.Describe a journey from Samarqand to Damascus, referring to the cities on the route.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The journey from Samarkand to Damuscus starts off through the Silk Route. As the name suggests, the route was a major route for trade in silk. On the journey, we come across many cities that were important trade centres. Some prominent ones are Bukhara, Merv, Her\u0101t and Nishapur.<\/p>\n<p>Bukhara is the city that has long been a centre of trade, scholarship, culture and religion. It became the intellectual centre of the Islamic world during the golden age of the Samanids. From the 6th century BCE, Bukhara has been one of the main centres of world civilisations. The architecture of Bukhara is something to marvel at. It includes Po-i-Kalan complex, Kalyan or Kalon Minor (Great Minaret). The Kalyan minaret, the Tower of Death, from where criminals were executed by being thrown off the top, is another example.<\/p>\n<p>This gives Merv two distinct advantages. It provided an easy southeast\u2013northwest route from the Afghan highlands towards the lowlands of Karakum, the Amu Darya valley and Khwarezm. It also serves as a natural stopping point for the routes from northwest Iran towards Transoxiana\u2013the Silk Road. This place was an important stop on the Silk Road during the time of the Han dynasty. Merchants traded fresh horses or camels and it was a very important oasis city.<\/p>\n<p>Herat, the third largest city of Afghanistan, is situated in the valley of the Hari River, which flows from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan. Situated in a fertile area, Her\u0101t was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Herat Citadel and the Mosallah Complex.<\/p>\n<p>Her\u0101t, which was known as the Pearl of Khorasan during the Middle Ages, was one of the important cities of Khorasan. It lies on the ancient trade routes of the Middle East, Central Asia and South Asia. Strategic importance of the roads from Her\u0101t to Iran, Turkmenistan and other parts of Afghanistan earns it the name \u2018the gateway to Iran\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong>We have provided all the important above in the blog regarding the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbse.gov.in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBSE<\/a> <span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:15295,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;4&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:16777215},&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;6&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;7&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;8&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;10&quot;:2,&quot;11&quot;:0,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:3355443},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Roboto&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:11}\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4<\/span>. If you have any queries, you can mention them in the comment section.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"faq-on-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\"><\/span><strong>FAQ on<\/strong> <b>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here are the most frequently questions asked for <span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:15295,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;4&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:16777215},&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;6&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;7&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;8&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:[{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;5&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0}},{&quot;1&quot;:0,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;3&quot;:3},{&quot;1&quot;:1,&quot;2&quot;:0,&quot;4&quot;:1}]},&quot;10&quot;:2,&quot;11&quot;:0,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:3355443},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Roboto&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:11}\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1629098079929\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"describe-the-consequences-of-crusades-conducted-by-christians-and-muslims-during-the-period-between-1095-and-1291\"><\/span><strong>Describe the consequences of crusades conducted by Christians and Muslims during the period between 1095 and 1291.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Two facets of Christian-Muslim relations were forever changed by the crusades. One was the Muslim state&#8217;s harsher stance toward its Christian citizens, which stemmed from the conflict&#8217;s terrible memories as well as the need for security in mixed-population areas. The other effect was the increased dominance of Italian mercantile towns from Pisa, Genoa, and Venice in East-West trade, even after Muslim rule was restored.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1629098107392\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"discuss-the-causes-of-the-fall-of-the-caliphate\"><\/span><strong>Discuss the causes of the fall of the Caliphate?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p><strong>Following reasons can be ascribed for the break-up of the Caliphate-<\/strong><br \/>Since Baghdad was not a central location, maintaining control over the far-flung provinces had become challenging. The civil war of 810 between Amin&#8217;s followers and Mamun&#8217;s (sons of Caliph Harun al-Rashid) supporters established a new power bloc of Turkish slave officers (Mamluk). The conflict between Shiism and Sunnism began.<br \/>In Khurasan, Turan, Egypt, and Syria, minor dynasties like the Tahirids, Samanids, and Tulunids rose, while the Caliphate was limited to Central Iraq and Western Iran. Baghdad was also taken over by the Daylam Shiite tribe (Iran). Those were Buyids.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1635768753720\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"where-can-i-find-the-study-material-for-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\"><\/span>Where can I find the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You can find the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4 from Kopykitab.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1635768829848\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"can-i-download-the-study-material-for-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4-free-of-cost\"><\/span>Can I download the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4 free of cost?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, you can download the study material for NCERT Solutions For Class 11 History Chapter 4 free of cost<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4: With clear step-by-step explanations, The Central Islamic Lands are offered here. These History Theme 4: The Central Islamic Lands Solutions are incredibly popular among Class 11 Humanities students for fast finishing homework and preparing for exams. All NCERT Solutions for class 11 History are prepared by experts &#8230; <a title=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4 (Updated for 2021-22)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-history-chapter-4\/\" aria-label=\"More on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 History Chapter 4 (Updated for 2021-22)\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":250,"featured_media":115599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":""},"categories":[73413,73410],"tags":[3570,76237,76528],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115424"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/250"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115424"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146588,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115424\/revisions\/146588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kopykitab.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}